Promoting Public Health Assignment Answered.

Promoting Public Health Assignment Answered. Promoting Public Health Assignment Answered ● P1 - Screening program One strategy is the health screening strategy. A screaming program is a test used to find percent of disease in people who might not have the symptoms. 1 (Paterson,2016:82) There is many types of tests available to range of people, these include breast screening; which is available to women 50-70. Bowel cancer screening which available to both genders ages 55.2 (NHS, 14/5/18). It prevents disease by detecting its symptoms early which makes it more treatable and lowers the overall risk of death from the disease. The ‘ making life better strategies framework ’ is important for this strategy as by 2023 the government wants everyone in uk to be healthier and live longer. For example If there wasn't screaming programs then the uk would undetect many cases of breast cancer which would lead them to get worse as progresses through stages. As evidenced 3 (NHS, 27/03/2018) 3 in every 200 women screened are diagnosed with a type of cancer they would not of found without screaming that ends up life threatening. The result of having the policy offering compulsory screening tests offered to everyone who it applies to, the government can prevent early deaths and therefore help keep everyone healthy. - Pollution Another strategy is for pollution and recycling; Strategy for hazardous waste management in England 2011. This strategy is focused on reducing the amount of plastic thrown away each year. More importantly the amount of plastic that is thrown into the water. As demonstrated by this news article 3 (Sky ocean rescue , 23/10/18) plastic is ending up in people's food. This means that the next generation will end up consuming plastic particles. Plastic can cause health issues such as cancer and lung infections and is unsuitable for consumption. One public health policy that came from this was the 5p plastic bag single use charging Inactive setup to reduce plastic thrown away. 4 (Department for environment and food, Updated 8 May 2015:Appendix 10: charging for single use plastic carrier bags.) the aim of this policy Is to reduce the demand for plastic bags. - Food safety and obesity Important to give children a nutritional healthy head start in life to prevent diseases later on in life. For instance the food standard agency rates all food businesses on food hygiene, how they handle food, how food is stored and prepared and Food safety. Food safety prevents the spread of diseases such as; Salmonella, diarrhea, viruses such as Hepatitis, food poison and even some cancers. Additionally childhood obesity is becoming more common. there was a 4% increase in obesity. Obesity can result in numerous health conditions including; diabetes, cancer, risk of cardiovascular diseases. One strategy to try and stop this is healthy fruit and veg available at every meal and children are encouraged to try new fruit and veg. 5 (Food Hygiene Rating Scheme, 29 January 2018) One policy that came from this is the school food policy. This is virtual as it ensures that children's meals are given in highest standards to prevent risk of viruses and bacteria. This will ensure that they have the best start in life. Furthermore this policy is also put in place to prevent obesity. The policy required children to has access to fresh water free of charge at all times and fizzy sugary drinks and unhealthy snacks are banned from vending machines. Also a number of schools introduced the daily mile which made 15m slot a day for children to run or walk 1k. This policy helps the health of children by ensuring that they have the nutritional food that's required for there wellbeing and health. As well as helping to strengthen and prevent cardiovascular related deaths later on. 6 (Departmental advice for governing boards, July 2016:5) I believe this is is very effective as poorer income families as told by ‘the black report’ are likely to have a unhealthy food choices. This way you are providing them with at least one healthy hot meal. ● P2 In 1980 sir Douglas black created the black report, a life changing report on the inequalities in health. Sir black found that social class had a impact In health and mortality rate. Later on catogrising these into four factors that explained inequalities. Social selection Health is determined by social position. A fit healthy person is more likely to get promoted and have better job then someone unhealthy. On the other hand a person who is unhealthy is more likely to get fired due to needing more time at home or hospital or lookin bad for the company image. Behaviour People in lower class are more likely to engage in more risky bad behaviours. This is backed up as Weston is a deprived area and has high number of drugs and alcohol issue with 71% saying they regularly drink and 3.4% saying there dependent drinkers Whereas in London is a more richer area and has significantly less people with 47.0% saying they drank in previous week.(ONE, 2016:Figure 5) The rich can also afford treatment to recover health after risky behaviour, such as counseling, or surgery or private dentists. Artefact The social classes are categories dependent on your income and job. nowadays with education mandatory until age eighteen fewer people are becoming unskilled. With fewer people working in social class e. However as seen in Weston 30.1% people have no qualifications. Moreover the average being 9% being grade e and 16.1% being grade d and 4.1% in social class a jobs. (Nomis,2011)This concludes that social class e is shrinking and now even further from top social class. Because of this people in that social class might feel ashamed to go seek help or might be homeless. Material circumstances People from the lower social class will be living in poverty. This means they will be living in substantial house qualities which will cause health conditions such as asthma, hyperthermia which will affect their health as can lead to further complications and might get them fired from work. Also due to poverty there won't be enough food to eat leading to starvation, malnutrition and scurvy or vitamin deficiency. The cost of dentist or vitamin pills or even public transport will mean that they won't be able to travel to get healthcare. The black report is important as it brought to people's attention that the rich were 3x less likely to die then the poor. As evidenced by this news report the poor by 8.4 years. Douglas black report showed people that health care wasn't equal. And that it was a very important issue to address. The black report lead to some policies being created or modified in order to try and reduce the inequality. These included child benefits and infant care allowance where your Receive benefit to pay for child care and child's necessities such as food or school equipment. Nutrition such as the free school milk and meals to underprivileged children. This ensures that the child has at least one hot meal a day and a nutritional drink to help development and health. The Acheson report was formed in 1988 and found that whilst death rate has decreased in 50 years there still was a big gap in health inequalities between the rich and poor. The Acheson report stated that high probity should be given to families with children and those living in poor household qualities. This report similar to that of the black report led to policies such as benefits for pregnant women and young and elderly people. More school funding in deprived areas and health promoting campaigns taught in schools. Better nutrition at schools with fresh fruit and veg option given at every meal. Ban of smoking in public places like libraries and inside buildings and designated smoke areas for smokers. Also no more smoking adverts a raise in taboo prices and free support for quitting smoking. William beverage found that health and social care wasn't equal. There was 5 giants in health care including want or poverty, disease, ignorance or access for educational opportunity for all, squalor need for decent housing and idleness or employment . William beverage produced a report called the beveridge report in order to call for the government to recognise and fight these giants. One way William beveridge sorted this is from a mandatory insurance system where everyone would pay into a scheme of national insurance and anyone who was facing poverty or sick could be given money to support them. Boasted as good welfare this offered everyone protection from cradle to grave. This was given in benefits or later known as income support. This ensures that social economic equality was less distance as everyone could access similar services and families with poor income could still get access to fruit veg and necessity. Furthermore these system would pay pensions at retirement to employers to help them support and support their families and reward them. A massive aspect of William beverage was that he created a equal nhs. He argued that health care should be equal to everyone so that everyone can be healthy and life fulfilling life's. William beverage created a national health service or NHS in 1948 which was paid for using the taxes from his system. This service greatful reduced the inequality between rich and poor and narrowed the death rate between them. Another way is from the creation of the vaccine which occurred after a 13 year old boy was given cowpox virus to demonstrate the immunity to smallpox. Later on the public health found that there was a fall in the number of people getting smallpox if they were given the cowpox virus. This was used to create the first ever global vaccination programs.