Portage Learning, BIOD 121 Nutrition – Module 2 Problem Set

What are the six major parts of the GI tract as outlined by this module? mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum This is added to food for intestinal health: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Insoluble Fiber Soluble Fiber Functional Fiber (ans) Be familiar with the digestive process for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, including the location and mechanisms of the digestion process for each. Be familiar with health issues related to carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This dissolves in the GI tract: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Insoluble Fiber Soluble Fiber Functional Fiber ulcer Be familiar with the various forms of cholesterol and what role they play in your body. Which of the following statements are NOT true concerning blood sugar regulation? Hormones are responsible for control Excess glucose is stored as glycogen Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels High blood sugar is called hyperglycemia When blood sugar levels are low, insulin is released from the pancreas Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels Normal blood sugar levels are 70-100 mg/dl Normal blood sugar levels are 55-130 mg/dl Hormones are responsible for control Insulin is secreted by the gallbladder Match the following to the terms given below. You will not use all of the terms. Delivers cholesterol to cells LDL Delivers the lipids to the liver Chylomicron Have no double bonds Saturated Fats Triglycerides that carry the lipids from the liver to the cell VLDL Made of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule Triglycerides Be familiar with the various forms of a vegetarian diet including how to ensure proper protein consumption while on a plant-based diet. Bile is secreted in the small intestine for the digestion of: Carbohydrates Protein Bacteria Fats Which of the following statements are NOT true about protein and the diet? Most adults require 0.8 grams of protein per kg Weightlifters require protein supplements to build muscle Protein contains the nitrogen element Protein yields 4 kcal/g of energy A meal of beans and corn tortillas provides complete protein An essential amino acid can not be synthesized by the body Plant proteins are high quality protein Amino acids are the building blocks for protein Animal proteins are incomplete proteins An essential amino acid can not be synthesized by the body Which organ makes bile to be used for fat digestion in the small intestine? Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Kidney An organ that is important in the digestion of fats that occurs in the small intestine is the: Spleen Gallbladder Transverse Colon Kidney This organ stores bile to aid in digestion of fats in the small intestine: Liver Spleen Gallbladder Pancreas This is also called non fermentable fiber: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Insoluble Fiber Soluble Fiber Functional Fiber Hard dry stools related to a low fiber diet. Constipation In what portion of the GI tract is bile used for digestion of fats? Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Small Intestine Examples of this include sucrose and maltose: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Insoluble Fiber Soluble Fiber Functional Fiber Fats and oils in food are mostly in the form of triglycerides Lecithin is an example of a sterol Cholesterol is made by the body in adequate amounts to meet our needs Phospholipids are another class of fats Saturated fats can increase cholesterol levels Saturated fats are found mainly in animal sources Trans fats are naturally occurring fats that raise cholesterol levels Saturated fats are solid at room temperature Stick margarine is an example of a saturated fat Canola oil is an example of an unsaturated fat A burning sensation in the esophagus. Heartburn/GERD Sphincters play an important role in the GI tract. Generally speaking, what is that role? Three key sphincters are the esophageal sphincter, the pyloric sphincter, and the ileocecal sphincter. Give the location of each and why each is important. Sphincters maintain the "forward" flow through the digestive system. The esophageal sphincter - between the esophagus and stomach - prevents the contents of the stomach from reentering the esophagus The pyloric sphincter - separates the stomach and small intestine - controls the release of chyme into the small intestines from the stomach. The ileocecal sphincter – between the small and large intestine - prevents the contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine. What organs assist in digestion but are not considered to be a part of the GI tract? Other organs such as the liver, gallbladder, salivary glands and pancreas aid in digestion but are not considered part of the GI tract. What is the difference between animal sources for proteins and plant sources for proteins? What is it called when several plant proteins combine? The biological value of a protein is different in animal vs plant sources. Animal sources are considered high quality or complete proteins. Plant sources are considered lower quality or incomplete proteins. When two or more plant proteins combine, the proteins are called complementary proteins. This disease is not well understood but causes bloating and abdominal pain. IBS Examples of this include fructose and galactose:A Monosaccharides Disaccharides Insoluble Fiber Soluble Fiber Functional Fiber Weak spots in the colon that result in the formation of small pouches. Diverticulosis