APUSH UNIT 6 REVIEW|UPDATED&VERIFIED|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

labor unions labor unions were formed in opposition to poor working conditions, workers wanted better pay, and regulation of working hours, strikes, collective bargaining, closed shops knights of labor first national labor organization, open to all, unskilled, called for 8 hour work day, elimination of child labor, and equal pay for equal work done by women. Included factory and industrial workers, had a bad image American Federation of labor only skilled labor, concentrated on issues like higher wages, shorter working hours, economical goals, nations largest union, unified, strong American railway union national union formed by Eugene Debs, who fought for rail workers rights, started Pullman strike strikes strikes could impact he entire nation, management often resorted to violence when trying to break them up Railroad strike of 1877 10% wage cuts sparked a two week strike in major cities, president Hayes had to call I troops to end it. coal trike of 1920 united mine workers, wanted higher wages and shorter working hours, turning point in the us policy of government intervention, Teddy Roosevelt used arbitration to end the coal strike Haves and the have-not's Haves and have nots captured the essence of the enormous division occurring in america during the gilded age Captains of industry v. robber barons Captains of industry were owners and managers of large industrial enterprises, with alot of political and economical power, robber barrons referred to the people who earned huge profits by paying low wages and by selling cheap products Carnegie largest steel company, he monopolized the steel industry using vertical integration, to increase his control, self-made man Rockefeller Standard oil, monopolized the oil industry, revolutionized petroleum industry Vanderbilts transportation/shipping, popularized the use of steel railroads which made them more safer and economical J.P. Morgan banking, bought out Carnegie steal and named it U.S. steel Pillsbury flour Oscar Mayer meat packaging Duke tobacco Social Darwinism survival of the fittest was applied to wealth/ leadership, Gospel of wealth moral obligation to use your money to better society Horatio Alger rags to riches industrialization Changed from farming to industries Factors promoting industrial growth al resources,2. government policies; coining money, tariffs, regulating interstate commerce, patent laws, land grants, laissez-faire policies. 3.Growing population,4. new sources of power; electricity and petroleum. 5.Machinery and factories, tions; sewing machines, elevator, typewriter, calculator, phonograph etc. ved transportation/communication; railroads and telegraphs. 8. effects of the war; war encouraged industrialization, need for labor saving devices. nativism towards new immigrants nativism was directed towards immigrants, tried to protect indigenous lands and culture from the dangerous and polluting effects of immigrants, wanted to preserve land for native borns, started racism that would effect social policies. Migrations from farm to cities for factory jobs More farmer migration and immigrant migration into the cities due to industrialization, and factory jobs electricity work around the clock, people adjusted to manmade time constraints, work at pre-set pace to maximize productivity immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, tended to live in like communities in large cities and ports, difficult assimilation, came for jobs, democracy, education, and abundance of land. cheap labor immigrants blamed for cheap labor, since immigrants came desperate to work for anything, wages were low and it created problems for the natives who were not used to working for so little tenement houses 6 or 7 story houses built on narrow lots, unsafe and unsanitary housing for poor city residents settlement houses hull houses- open to immigrants and helped them with their children, education, work, banking, Americanize and get off to a good start. immigrants used as scabs scabs, usually immigrants, would quickly replace the strikers, taking their jobs for low pay Chinese exclusion act nativist policy, prohibited Chinese from entering the us, was supported by knights of labor booker t. washington Tuskegee institute- which was black institute that educated blacks, vocational education leads to economic equality social segregation not challenged WEB Du Bois NAACP- national association for the advancement of colored people, used legal tools to fought discrimination and successfully took whites to court. talented tenth-mentors from previous successful blacks that could influence those who wanted to succeed unlimited education will lead to political equality women pushing for the right to vote, denied. suffrage movement segregated. women were considered weaker and inferior to mean and therefore not needing the right to vote. women tried to argue that they'd be better mothers if they could vote and influence their offspring. Also pushed for prohibition Native Americans Americanization- 160 acres of farming land , not hunting and gathering promises of citizenship in 25 years after giving up tribal ownership of land, which was not kept. Dawes act attempt to Americanize Indians, giving each tribe 160 acres of land, which would become theirs in 25 years, of they were good americans, and they would be granted citizenship Indian schools Schools for indians funded by government, children were separated from their tribe and were taught english and white customs and values Wars broke out *Indians angry at broken treaties and attacks of hem by the whites *defending native lands and nomadic way of life *wipe out the buffalo-whites tried to kill all the buffalo and drive the Indians out little big horn native massacre general Custer and his cavalry were wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by sitting bull and crazy horse, important to the destruction of the plains indians Ghost Dance -tried to make whites disappear, outlawed, widespread spiritual revival by indians Battle of Wounded knee last fight against the US government, natives were massacred land giveaways Homestead act-land rushes "sooners" 160 acres of land to anyone Morrill Act created land grant universisties Pacific Railway Act Passed by lincoln, provided the construction of the transcontinental railroad by two corporations union pacific and central pacific, connected west and east Frederick Jackson Turner's Thesis Turner believed that Americans developed unique characteristics due to the frontier experience and westward expansion. concern that the west had been closed- Frontier Safety valve frontier was claimed to be a safety valve for anyone dissatisfied with their city life, that had social problems, they could move west and start a new life with more economic opportunities, ended up being not so true since most people didn't know how to farm and the land was hard to work with Disappearance of the frontier Frontier was destroyed by steel plow and mining, disappearance of the frontier marked the end of a phase in american history Populist's Monetary Policy Used to prevent inflation and when an economy is growing too fast McKinley v. Bryant Gold standard was the issue of the 1896 election vs. expanding the money supply to create inflation Political corruption bosses-