ATI PN Learning System Medical-Surgical: Cardiovascular and Hematology Practice Quiz Questions and Answers 100% correct

ATI PN Learning System Medical-Surgical: Cardiovascular and Hematology Practice Quiz Questions and Answers 100% correct A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is in hypovolemic shock. While waiting for a unit of blood, the nurse should plan to administer which of the following IV solutions? 0.9% sodium chloride Solutions of 0.9% sodium chloride, as well as Lactated Ringer's solution, are used for fluid volume replacement. Sodium chloride, a crystalloid, is a physiologic isotonic solution that replaces lost volume in the blood stream and is the only solution to use when infusing blood products. A nurse is caring for a client who has advanced heart failure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Enforce fluid restrictions. The nurse should enforce fluid restrictions to help reduce fluid retention in the lungs and lower extremities. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? Lower back discomfort Abdominal aortic aneurysm involves a widening, stretching, or ballooning of the aorta. Back and abdominal pain indicate that the aneyrysm is extending downward and pressing on lumbar spinal nerve roots, causing pain. A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has pernicious anemia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend? Initiate weekly injections of vitamin B12. The nurse should recommend that weekly injections of vitamin B12 be initiated for a client who has pernicious anemia, and then decrease to monthly. Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor needed to absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? "Avoid lifting both arms above your head when dressing." The nurse should reinforce that the client should avoid lifting her arm or shoulder on the side of the pacemaker because dislodgement of the pacer leads can occur. A nurse is preparing to transfuse 250 mL of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client over 4 hr. Available is a blood administration set that delivers 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual blood tranfusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) 10 gtt/min A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has anemia and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? Hypertension is a common adverse effect of this medication. The nurse should reinforce in the teaching that a common adverse effect of epoetin alfa is hypertension because of the rise in the production of erythrocytes and other blood cell types. Epoetin alfa is a synthetic version of human erythropoietin. Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia associated with kidney disease or medication therapy. It increases and maintains the red blood cell level. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following vein ligation and stripping for varicose veins. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Position the client supine with his legs elevated when in bed. The nurse should elevate the client's legs above his heart to promote venous return by gravity. During discharge teaching, the nurse should reinforce the importance of periodic positioning of the legs above the heart. A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm and is scheduled for surgery. The client's vital signs are blood pressure 160/98 mmHg, heart rate 102/min, respirations 22/min, and SpO2 95%. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Administer antihypertensive medication for blood pressure. The nurse should administer antihypertensive medication for the elevated blood pressure because hypertension can cause a sudden rupture of the aneurysm due to pressure on the arterial wall. A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who has a history of peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following findings on the client's lower extremities should the nurse expect? Cool, pale skin with minimal body hair A client who has peripheral arterial disease can display dry, scaly, pale, or mottled skin with minimal body hair because of narrowing of the arteries in the legs and feet. This causes a decrease in blood flow to the distal extremities, which can lead to tissue damage. Common manifestations are intermittent claudication (leg pain with exercise), cold or numb feet at rest, loss of hair on the lower legs, and weakened pulses. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has manifestations of aplastic anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Petechiae and ecchymosis The client who has aplastic anemia will have manifestations of petechiae and ecchymosis. Dyspnea on exertion also can be present. In aplastic anemia, all three major blood components (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) are reduced or absent, which is known as pancytopenia. Manifestations usually develop gradually. A nurse is administering a loop diuretic to a client who has 3+ pitting edema in the lower extremities. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Monitor the client for ototoxicity. The nurse should monitor the client for ototoxicity and reinforce that the client should report any manifestations of hearing impairment while on the loop diuretic. The nurse should use caution when a loop diuretic is used in conjunction with other ototoxic medications, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics. A nurse in assisting in developing the plan of care for an older adult client who is to receive a unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs). Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend? Verify the information on the packed RBCs with another nurse. The nurse should verify the information on the label of the packed RBCs with another nurse. She should also verify the information on the label with the provider's order, the blood administration form from the blood bank, and with the client armband and blood bracelet. A nurse is caring for a client who has late-stage heart failure and is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 1 day A weight gain of 1 kg in 1 day alerts the nurse that the client might be retaining fluid and is at risk of fluid volume overload. This in andivation that the client's heart failure is worsening. A nurse is assiting in the preparation of a unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs) for a client who has anemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? Witness the informed consent. The nurse should apply the least invasive priority-setting framework. This framework assigns priority to nursing interventions that are least invasive to the client, as long as those interventions do not jeopardize client safety. The nurse should take interventions that are not invasive to the client before interventions that are invasive; therefore, as witnessing the informed consent is the least invasive it is the action that should be performed first. Unless it is an emergency, informed consent should be obtained prior to initiating a blood transfusion on a client.