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Summary Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Hormonal Communication

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Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Hormonal Communication from an A* biology student.

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Hormonal Communication
-endocrine system endocrine
-



glands produce hormones carried by blood
↳ Control auctions that don't need instant responses

transmitinto from are area another
to ->
change after
-

of target organs
activity

1st
-




hormone
messenger: binds receptor
to on all suface membrace


-and messenger inside
-
all-ellect (light or
flights

-Advence gland stevoid
-

horrors aldosterone
=

(sall requestion H20 balance
+



blood)
in



=Conisal m erabdism of
(stras Commore= glucose, proteins fars)
+




=medulla:
a dvenaline prepare light
-

or light response


Pancreas endocrine
-


-
+

exocrine (duct)

Produce pancreatic juice -> small intestine-aid food digestion
alpraceus"
inseans E -glecagal:insulin
betacel,
gut absoption
-

of glycogen stores
-Blood ->bloocktream -> hydrolysis
glucose concentration:
glucose
, non-cerbclydrates ->
gruese
=


x B cell receptors
=
+




↳ in
I blood
glucose insulint=↓ glucose use l iver muscle
in cell




=glucagon binds to
liver all surface receptors conformational
-




change = G protein =




adenylyl cyclase ATP
=
-> cAMP binds
=



protein
to linace A
enzymes phosphorylaxe
=




linase
enzymes activated due to added phosphate groups:glycogen phosphorylase enzymes =




cardyse breakdown of glycogen
-



glucose (glycogenolysis)
-advendline also binds to live all surface receptors:activates enzyme cascade


↳ 4
inblood
glucose molecules enter
=


calls via facilitated officion

=all kchannels B Y
respire glucose = ATP =
in cells close-change membrane
in =




voltage gated channels open Balls
cat =
-
insulin release
=

insulin capillaries
to


-> insulin sensitive
Insulin=Insulin target (glucose
-




cells -> muscle all, sat storage all, adipae tissue, liver alls transporter protein (

-binds to membrane reception on target cells iptate of glucose via facilitated
distusion.
↳>
activation add cell surface membrace
stimulates more
glucose transporter proteins
-
to





4 all permeability to
glucose-facilitated diffusion rate


=4 river uptake of glucose (glycogenesis)

glucose enters liver e l -> glucose phephate
->
glycogen
-




Negative feedback reception detect blood glucose level, communicated via hormonal/neway -> effector
=




system

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