Summary Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Transport in Animals

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AWA@5E We
rear
w as
an en




we
Animals
Transport in


murenoonay-ness en
-take O2+ nutrients in, generated waste product released



-transpar distances, SA Ud (Porganism: ↓ SA.U=4 diffusion distance),

user organism more
-
a m :4amabdic acicit= on+



-mass slow:b ull movement of matrials, directed:i nvolves lore. (circulatory system)

>bring substances
quickly from one exchange site ->
another, maintain diffusion gradients, ensure effective all
activity.


-Circulatory system:a re way blood
flow/transport tick containing on, nutrients waste
+




-Fish=single exchange
circulatory system:dox blood from hear to
gills sites. Or blood from give body,
to blood hear
to




mannerinthe
cone serrum venricles
+




mammals:double
-




circulatory system:right - blood to left side ->
side
lungs, blood body
to




double
humans:
system
↓ aboa am pace i n an an overs man we are

Rosea, ↓ double circulation maintains higher blood pressure aurage
+

speed of How=
pulmonary systemic
circulatory circuldou
↑ pressure ettcient
system speed:steeper
+

cone gradery manicired= exchange.
system ↓
↓
deox
blood N
oxbody-closed blood pumped
system: around body b lood
in vescl


ungs
-open system:blood purped into
body cavities



Insects:t ubular
-




to dorsal
heart pumps haemdymph veces -> into haemowel(body cavity), haemolymph surrounds organs


+
reenters lead by ostia (1-way values).
blood clou
smooth, reduce friction:f re e
pube
>very

trica
=Or delivered directly tissues
to via tracheae intima endothelial
I


layer, connective tissue elastic libres
withstand lish pressure contac t
-strengthen
+




-> wiren
-arteries:b lood away from heart tissues (ligh Pa) turica media - smooth
muscle cells thick elastic tissue

- ↳ maintain BP, stetcht
terica adventitia collagen =

(prevents
recoil
-arterioles:
b lood -> damage)
into capillaries muscular layer:
conrac t
regulate
when: blood low.



-venwers:b lood from cepillaries -> hin ->
large lument little/no elastic libres, winecular layer




race
Him turica media -
dont need to withstand 4 Pa
-veins blood
=

heart
to (low Pas verge reduce
umen= friction

-
tro
values prevent
=
backflow

pulse



-Capillaries:thin, leavy walls substances leave
-

blood -


body tissues:
r etwar ns (capillary bed) exchange
=


surfaces


↳
small diameter (blood slower), large roof capillaries between call (shor dillusion distances, capillary single
wall:



endothelial layer (I call tick, parts (


Plasma 95%H20:
-




good scent-many substance dissolve it transport around body
=
=
in


-> too large to fitthrough pares
↳
plasma leak tissue did
through capillary pores= the proteine than plasmas

-



Tissue said: exchange substances between cell + blood

-




Hydrostatic pressure Pa exerted
=

by slid




: