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Summary Alevel OCR Biology A Notes on Communication and Homeostasis

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Alevel OCR Biology A Notes on Communication and Homeostasis from an A* Biology student

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communication + Homeostasis
-




physical coune
systems maintain the internal environment within restricted limits.


of
-




ensure maintanance optimal condition for enzyme action cell function
+




-nervous system:CNS (braint spinal cord) + PNS (all verves a body

endocrine system:endocrine glands par of organism
-




release formoves into blood tream, transmit into from are to


another bring
to about a change.


-gland:group of cells that produce and releases are or more substance (secretions

-optimum pH hydogen =

and icric bands broken:
allers active site shape

-blood glucose b lood
conc=glue in alters water potential
+



availability of respiritory substrate
for all



temperature is
-



temp of tissue find around all it
s oo
high/low regatively
=

affect rate of enzyme contoced


reactions.



Low temps prevent reactions/slow them down:Ifrequency of successful collision



as temp continues 4,
to at
rate which an enzyme catalpes a reaction, denatles, bands break, tertiary

structure changes, permanately damaged active site



(transfers inco),
-




negative feedback loop receptor, coordination system elector.
-





reduces initial elect a stimulus, uses two corrective rechariors



positive of original
-


feedback loop- enhance elect stimulus



-cell signalling:
allows multicellular organism to control + coordinate their bodies respond
+

to emiroment.



stimulus recieved by receptor cel -> converted signal
to (transduction) -> transmitted target
to all leftector) response.
=




-animals:
paracrine signalling (culls close together)
+

endocrine signalling (cell for apart


-signalling molecules
vry
=

small-
easy transport across membrane



Thermoregulation:c or ner of
-




internal body temp

-Endotherms: count can body temp (hear generated in body tissues


-Ectotherms:b ehavioral adaptations:internal temp stay comerant (absab leal from environment


-Endotherms=peripheral receptors communicate
w/ hypothalamus

=cooking:vasodilation, sweating, flatter hairs



=heating:vasoconstriction, metabolic rate, slivering, erection of hairs


-Ectotherms:avoid extremes of temps, bask in sun/seen shade

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