PSY 344 Cal Poly Midterm exam practice questions with correct answers

Turkheimer, 2000 three basic laws of behavioral genetics: 1. all human behavioral traits are heritable effect of being raised in the same family is smaller than the effect of genes 3. a substantial portion of the variation in complex human traits is not accounted for by the effects of genes or families Lamarckism deliberate efforts of an animal could result in modifications of the body parts involved, and that the modification acquired can be transmitted to the animal's offspring Linneaus emphasized the separateness and distinctness of species, fit the biblical view of creation Erasmus Darwin plant and animal species appear capable of improvement, although believing that God had designed life Charles Darwin studied finches on the Galapagos, discovered natural selection natural selection the driving force in evolution in which the frequency of alleles change as a function of the differential reproduction of individuals and survival of their offspring Francis Galton focused on the mental characteristics, introduced the use of twins to analyze nature vs. nurture Theory of Pangenesis cells of the body multiply and aggregate themselves to create an organ similar to the parent instinct an innate behavioral tendency heredity, pre mendel like produces like, like does not always produce like, includes theory of pangenesis variation blending hypothesis reduced it, leads to instincts, unsure of the source pedigree a family tree, a diagram depicting the genealogical history of a family and a particular condition amino acids one of the 20 building blocks of proteins, triple code of DNA codes it 1st Law of heredity the law of segregation, allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization recessive an allele that produces its effect on a phenotype only when two copies are present inbred strain a string of animal that has been created by mating siblings for at least 20 generations, resulting in nearly identical genetic individuals phenotype an observed characteristic in an individual that results from the combined effects of the genotype and the environment genotype an individual's combination of alleles at a particular locus gamete mature reproductive cell that contains a haploid set of chromosomes DNA marker a polymorphism in DNA itself, such as a single nucleotide polymorphism or copy number variant carrier an individual who is heterozygous at a given locus, carrying both a normal allele and a mutant recessive allele, appear normal phenotypically locus the site of a specific gene on a chromosome mutation a heritable change in DNA base pair sequences mendel's 2nd law law of independent assortment, the inheritance of one gene is not affected by the inheritance of another gene nucleus the part of the cell that contains chromosomes meiosis cell division that occurs during gamete formation and results in halving the number of chromosomes, so that each gamete contains only one member of each chromosome pair