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What term represents the transfer of energy across joints to support voluntary movement? - kinetic chain Kinetic chain refers to the concept that energy transfers across joints to support voluntary actions. This is applicable during general movements such as running on a treadmill, where any energy that is not harnessed will be lost as heat and fail to contribute toward accomplishing the task. Successful energy transfer will result in a more stable and efficient environment, which is normally encouraged through closed-chain exercises. The posterior pelvic tilt seen in this picture, is commonly seen in bilateral leg exercises a result of tight ____________________. - glutes The hip extensors, including the glutes and proximal insertion of the hamstrings, are often found to be inflexible. Part of the reason for this common occurrence is attributed to the increased propensity to sit for long hours with flexed knees and rounded back. Improper seated posture causes posterior pelvic migration and reduced hip extensor length. Ankle dorsi flexion is caused by _________________. - a concentric contraction of the anterior tibialis A concentric contraction of the anterior tibialis would cause dorsi flexion of the ankle, as seen during the recovery phase of jogging. Weakness in the anterior tibialis has also been shown to increase the prevalence of shin splints among runners and falls among older adults. When performing biceps and triceps exercises, what joint action should occur at the shoulder? - no joint movement No movement should occur in the glenohumeral joint during arm exercises. The most common "cheat" error is flexing the hips and extending the shoulders during triceps exercises, and extending the hips and flexing the shoulders during bicep exercises.What exercise is used to cause elevation of the shoulder complex (scapulae and humerus)? - barbell shrug