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Osteopenia - Bone mineral density that is lower than normal peak BMD but not low enough to be osteoporosis Osteoporosis - Irreversible decrease in mineralized bony tissue Axial Skeleton - Skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and rib cage Appendicular Skeleton - limbs and their respective girdles Hypocalcemia - low blood calcium Hypercalcemia - high blood calcium Appositional Growth - growth by addition of new layers on those previously formed Endochondrial growth - Process of bone formation whereby a cartilage model is replaced by bone Epiphyseal plates - transverse cartilage plate near the end of a child's bone responsible for growth in length of the bone Bone mass - volume of bone in the body measured by mineral content Bone mineral density (BMD) - mineral content in a given volume of bone Fibrous joint - not intended to move, no joint cavity