Patho Hesi 2021(updated)question with correct answers rated A+

Patho Hesi 2021(updated)question with correct answers rated A+An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that? A. positive feedback B. negative feedback C. disease D. homeostasis - correct answer A. Positive feedback Positive Feedback - correct answer -less common - Snowball Effect (some pain/ pressure gets worse and worse) - examples: clots, sneezing, childbirth - when childbirth starts there is an increase in hormone production which progressively gets worse - May use many means to correct one imbalance(NOT stable) - Moves away from equilibrium amplifies change more of a product = more contractions, more clotting factors Negative Feedback - correct answer - more common - self regulating system that helps keep the balance (increase or decrease of output/production) - If there is not enough it makes more, if there is enough it stops making it - resist any changes from normal (example = glucose and temp regulation) -example: thermoregulation- body temp decreases, heating mechanisms activated (shivering), body temp increases , cooling mechanisms activated (sweating) reduces change Disease - correct answer - the disruption in homeostasis or deviation from normal - body is no longer functioning normally - cellular process leads to disease Homeostasis - correct answer - dynamic process that is always shifting/changing (give and take system) - the body likes things just so (temp, pH, dilution, shape) - equilibrium is necessary for all cells - stable process, self regulating - can affect proteins to be in proper function/ form, release of oxygen in the muscles What organ shrinks with age? A. Prostate B. Gums C. Heart D. All of the above - correct answer B. Gums Prostate Gland (increase/decrease) - correct answer - Chestnut-shaped gland at the base of the urethra in men - produces fluid that mixes with sperm and secretions of the seminal vesicles - prostate fluid further decreases acidity, increases sperm motility, and prolongs sperm life - gets larger in size as men increase in age and can cause urethral problems Gums (increase/decrease) - correct answer - around 40 gums start to recede and decrease in size - inflammatory processes destroy gum tissue overtime and can cause pockets between the tooth, which can trap bacteria Heart (increase/decrease) - correct answer - can increase in size slightly as you age - depends one one's heart wall muscles (can strengthen heart wall muscle through exercise) Which of the following is true? A. an infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult B. the elderly have better temperature sensations C. there are more sweat glands in an elderly person D. there is less thirst perception in the elderly - correct answer D. there is less thirst perception in the elderly There is less thirst perception in the elderly (T/F) - correct answer True - the aging process alters the psychological control systems with thirst - the elderly also can take medications that can lead to dehydration - the elderly have less physical activity that does not stimulate the thirst perception An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult (T/F) - correct answer False - an infant/child's heart rate is normally slightly faster than an adult's heart rate The elderly have better temperature sensations (T/F) - correct answer False - elderly's senses are weaker as opposed to children and adults There are more sweat glands in an elderly person (T/F) - correct answer False - no correlation