• May reduce sanctions
• New international standards 2021
• Behaviour of spectators – physical assaults, racial sayings/chants
• Not just linked to football
• Tendency to younger males
• About status, identity, belonging
• 70s and 80s violence mainly in stadium
• 80s and 90s violence moved to cities and streets (organized fights);
violence escalated
• Swansea v Cardiff rivalry
• 39 people died
• Hundreds injured
• No European competition for 5 years
• Harrington
o Improve grounds and facilities
o Make nicer environment
o Nothing happened
• Lang
o More CCTV
o Nothing happened
21
, • McElhorne
o Separate fans
o Improve facilities
o Nothing happened
• Popplewell
o Bradford fire, Heysel disaster;
o recommendations led to legislation [specific offences etcetera]
o real action
• police establish National Football intelligent unit (all over UK and Europe)
coordinated who to target and do more effective policing
• clubs made better environment for families (women and children); did
community project
• fans call out other fans; fan embassies (keep fans safe)
• government- authoritarian approach; gave police more power; rushed
legislation without thought; ban alcohol
• ban hooligans
• discretionary
• ineffective
• most ridiculous piece of legislation
• prevent funds from drinking - no evidence
• rushed through - no proper scrutiny
• subjective -what is drunk? to what level? up to police discretion
• police can stop and search any vehicle
• can't stand and watch the game and drink
22
• New international standards 2021
• Behaviour of spectators – physical assaults, racial sayings/chants
• Not just linked to football
• Tendency to younger males
• About status, identity, belonging
• 70s and 80s violence mainly in stadium
• 80s and 90s violence moved to cities and streets (organized fights);
violence escalated
• Swansea v Cardiff rivalry
• 39 people died
• Hundreds injured
• No European competition for 5 years
• Harrington
o Improve grounds and facilities
o Make nicer environment
o Nothing happened
• Lang
o More CCTV
o Nothing happened
21
, • McElhorne
o Separate fans
o Improve facilities
o Nothing happened
• Popplewell
o Bradford fire, Heysel disaster;
o recommendations led to legislation [specific offences etcetera]
o real action
• police establish National Football intelligent unit (all over UK and Europe)
coordinated who to target and do more effective policing
• clubs made better environment for families (women and children); did
community project
• fans call out other fans; fan embassies (keep fans safe)
• government- authoritarian approach; gave police more power; rushed
legislation without thought; ban alcohol
• ban hooligans
• discretionary
• ineffective
• most ridiculous piece of legislation
• prevent funds from drinking - no evidence
• rushed through - no proper scrutiny
• subjective -what is drunk? to what level? up to police discretion
• police can stop and search any vehicle
• can't stand and watch the game and drink
22
