Nutrition and Health Summary

Titel – Ondertitel




Samenvatting Voeding en
Gezondheid




OpleidingBachelor geneeskunde jaar 2
Vak Voeding en Gezondheid 2




1

, Samenvatting – Voeding en Gezondheid 2




Table of Contents
Moldule 1: Basic priciples of micronutriens......................................................................................3

Module 2 Water, minerals, trace elements.......................................................................................5
Sodium:...........................................................................................................................................................5
Calcium...........................................................................................................................................................5
Iron.................................................................................................................................................................6
Iodine..............................................................................................................................................................6
Selenium.........................................................................................................................................................7
Zinc.................................................................................................................................................................7

Module 3: Fat soluble vitamins and health.......................................................................................8
Vitamin A........................................................................................................................................................8
Vit E.................................................................................................................................................................9
Vitamin D......................................................................................................................................................10
Vit K..............................................................................................................................................................11

Module 4: Water soluble vitamins and health................................................................................12
Vit. C.............................................................................................................................................................12
Vit defiency...................................................................................................................................................13
Folate............................................................................................................................................................13
Vit B12..........................................................................................................................................................14

Module 5: the global burden of micronutrient malnutrition...........................................................15
Malnutrition cycle........................................................................................................................................16
Maternal and child undernutrition..............................................................................................................16

Module 6 Global solutions to micronutrient deficiencies................................................................20
Supplementation..........................................................................................................................................20
Fortification..................................................................................................................................................20
(argo) biofortification...................................................................................................................................21
Dietary diversification..................................................................................................................................22
Impact assessment.......................................................................................................................................24




2

, Samenvatting – Voeding en Gezondheid 2



Moldule 1: Basic priciples of micronutriens
Introduction into basic principles
Micronutrients:micro because we consume small amounts and do not provide energy.
 Minerals(inorganic) (Dietary)
o Major minerals(5g)
 Calclium, Phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium
o Trace elements(inorganic)
 Iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molydeum, fluoride, cobalt, iodine, selenium,
chronium
o Larger quantities-> amino- fatty acids
o Essential from food, has to eaten regulary
o Dietary minerals: essential elements of our diet(except vegetable oils and table
sugar)

 Vitamins(organic(carbon atoms))
o Fat soluble vitamins
 A, D, E, K
 More stable to heat
 Absorbed along with fats in food. Eating more fat food-> less absorption
 Are first absorped in lymph, then blood
 Not soluble in blood + not excreted in urine
 Water soluble vitamins are generally less stable than fat soluble vitamins
 Can be destroyed by heat
o Water soluble vitamins
 C, B
 Are not toxic
o Need small amount-> growth + good health
o Provitamin: can be converted within the body to a vitamin

Bioavailibitily: the extent to which ingested minerals are absorbed and thereby available tot the
body
 Plantfoods have lower mineral bioavailbility. In addition, many plant foods are rich in
negatively charged compounds that tightly bind cations (positively charged elements such as
calcium, iron, and zinc) and thus have lower mineral bioavailability.

Questions
 Select the proper order of minerals from high to low abundance in the body:
o calcium, potassium, sodium, iron

Dietary referemces intaakes (DRI): based on relationships between nutrients and indicators and
prevention of chonic diseases.
Estimated average requirement (EAR): how much is required
Recommended dietary allowances (RDA): recommended intake.

The recommended Dietary Allowance for micronutrients is higher than the Estimated Average
Requirement.




3