C182 (Introduction to IT) – Flashcards Review Exam with Accurate Answers

Assembly and machine language are examples of which type of programming language? - These are examples of *low-level programming languages*. JavaScript, Python, PHP, and JSP are examples of what type of programming language? - These are examples of *scripting languages*. BASIC, C, C++, FORTRAN, and LISP are examples of which kind of programming language? - These are known as *high-level programming languages*. A system comprised of different parts working together to accomplish a goal is known as what? - This loosely defines *Information Technology.* Maintaining computer systems, installing hardware/software, configuring OSs, and performing some scripting are the roles of which type of administrator? - These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Systems Administrator*. Running wire, working with network hardware, configuring machines for network communication, and troubleshooting the network are roles of which type of administrator? - These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Network Administrator*. Designing, developing, and supporting DBMSs (Database Management Systems) are roles of which type of administrator? - These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Database Administrator*. Installing, configuring, and administering firewall security are some of the roles of which type of administrator? - These are typically some of the roles associated with a *Security Administrator*. Installing, configuring, maintaining, securing, and troubleshooting web servers are the roles of which type of administrator? These admins may be referred to as a "webmaster" and may or may not be responsible for the server hardware. - These are typically the roles associated with a *Web Administrator*. What are some skills desired for IT personnel? - Troubleshooting/problem-solving, knowledge of operating systems, system level programming (scripting), system security, hardware. Information can be defined as _________ data. - Processed Is data *more* or *less* structured than information? - Data is *less* structured than information. __________ is the output of some process. - Information What does DIKW refer to? - Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Wisdom What is the difference between information and data? - Data consists of raw inputs, whereas information consists of data that has been processed into more useful material. A set of tools, such as computer hardware & software, and the people that use these tools in order to manipulate data to obtain information describes what? - This is an *Information System*. What 5 characteristics does *quality data* consist of? - Relevant - timely - thorough - accurate - reliable What does *IPO* / *IPO+S* refer to? - Input - Processing - Output - Storage What four operations does a computer perform? - IPO / IPO+S - Input - Processing - Output - Storage The physical components of the computer are referred to as what? - The physical components of the computer are referred to as *hardware*. Programs and other operating information used by the computer is known as what? - Software A collection of computers and resources connected by various media to enable communication with each other refers to what in a computer system? - A *computer network*. The people who use the computer system are known as what? - Users What is a network protocol? - A standard set of rules used to determine how networks communicate with each other. What is the most common network protocol? - TCP/IP What are the 4 main components of a computer system? - CPU - memory - input/output (I/O) - bus The hardware in a computer that executes instructions and commands the computer components is known as what? - This is the *Central Processing Unit* (CPU). What contains peripheral devices (mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc) used for input, output, and long-term storage? - The *I/O system*. What stores programs being executed and the data that the programs use? - Computer memory (RAM) The component on the motherboard that consists of several wires and allows hardware to communicate with other hardware on the motherboard. - The system *bus*. The main circuit board which houses the CPU, memory chips, and expansion cards in any computer. - The *motherboard*. The device used for long-term storage that saves data even when the computer is shut down. - The *hard drive*. A video card or wireless network card may be located in an _______________ slot. - Expansion A CPU consists of what two parts? - The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) and the CU (control unit). What controls the speed at which instructions are processed? - The *system clock*. What retrieves instructions and raw input data and sends that data to the ALU for processing? - The *Control Unit* (CU). What does the actual processing of the data, sent by the CU, to display on the screen? - The *Arithmetic Logic Unit* (ALU). What is the measurement unit used to identify the clock speed of today's computers (Hz, MHz, GHz, etc)? - The clock speed of computers today is measured in *GHz*. A computer can only run programs if it has a sufficient amount of ___________. - Memory Is system memory used for short-term storage or long-term storage? - Short-term storage What are the two main forms of RAM? - Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). What does ROM stand for? - ROM stands for read-only memory. What does BIOS stand for? - BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. Where is the BIOS stored? - In the ROM chip located on the motherboard.