ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE & MEMORY
- Memory is divided into two: short term and long term.
- Short term memory is working memory. Also divided into two; verbal memory (Broca’s area,
Wernicke’s area) and visuospatial memory (visual association areas in the brain- back of the brain).
- Long term memory divides into two: implicit (non-associative, associative, procedural and priming-
unconscious) and explicit (things, events and facts; episodic and semantic memory).
- Non-associative memory is habituation and
sensitization (where response gets stronger).
- Associative memory is operant conditioning
(when a behaviour results in an outcome that
changes behaviour- reward) and classical
conditioning (Pavlov’s dogs).
- Procedural memory; habits and skills.
Types of Memory
1. Encoding
Process in which new information is attended to linked to existing information.
Recoding the new information.
Deep encoding- paying a lot of attention to the new information, making positive efforts to relate
to existing understanding.
2. Storage
Neural mechanisms by which we take our new information and make it permanent.
How do we take a passing experience and making it a permanent thing in our brain?
Making new synapses.
Making cellular connections stronger.
3. Consolidation
How do we make our memories permanent in our brain?
4. Retrieval
Recover of memories once it’s stored.
It is constructive. Putting things together as our senses are telling us.
Depends on how we present the queues.
Encoding is the process by which new sensory stimuli are attended to an processed before being
incorporated into existing memories. Somehow, the transient sensory response must be turned into
something long-term, and this is the problem of storage. Short-term memories are then transformed by
the process of consolidation into long-term memories. The process of retrieval can depend on the
context in which memories are elicited.
Semantic Memory
o Facts.
o Quite complex and flexible.
o Distribution synthesis.
Episodic Memory
- Memory is divided into two: short term and long term.
- Short term memory is working memory. Also divided into two; verbal memory (Broca’s area,
Wernicke’s area) and visuospatial memory (visual association areas in the brain- back of the brain).
- Long term memory divides into two: implicit (non-associative, associative, procedural and priming-
unconscious) and explicit (things, events and facts; episodic and semantic memory).
- Non-associative memory is habituation and
sensitization (where response gets stronger).
- Associative memory is operant conditioning
(when a behaviour results in an outcome that
changes behaviour- reward) and classical
conditioning (Pavlov’s dogs).
- Procedural memory; habits and skills.
Types of Memory
1. Encoding
Process in which new information is attended to linked to existing information.
Recoding the new information.
Deep encoding- paying a lot of attention to the new information, making positive efforts to relate
to existing understanding.
2. Storage
Neural mechanisms by which we take our new information and make it permanent.
How do we take a passing experience and making it a permanent thing in our brain?
Making new synapses.
Making cellular connections stronger.
3. Consolidation
How do we make our memories permanent in our brain?
4. Retrieval
Recover of memories once it’s stored.
It is constructive. Putting things together as our senses are telling us.
Depends on how we present the queues.
Encoding is the process by which new sensory stimuli are attended to an processed before being
incorporated into existing memories. Somehow, the transient sensory response must be turned into
something long-term, and this is the problem of storage. Short-term memories are then transformed by
the process of consolidation into long-term memories. The process of retrieval can depend on the
context in which memories are elicited.
Semantic Memory
o Facts.
o Quite complex and flexible.
o Distribution synthesis.
Episodic Memory
