Complete Solution Manual Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy & Physiology Main Version 4th Edition Questions & Answers with rationales

Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy & Physiology Main
Version 4th Edition Solution Manual


CONTENTS
Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology
Laboratory Exercise 1 – Scientific Method and Measurement……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
Laboratory Exercise 2 – Body Organization, Membranes, and Terminology…………………………………………………………………………… 6
Laboratory Exercise 3 – Chemistry of Life………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
Laboratory Exercise 4 – Care and Use of the Microscope………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
Cells
Laboratory Exercise 5 – Cell Structure and Function……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Laboratory Exercise 6 – Movements Through Membranes…………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 11
Laboratory Exercise 7 – Cell Cycle………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Tissues
Laboratory Exercise 8 – Epithelial Tissues………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 14
Laboratory Exercise 9 – Connective Tissues…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Laboratory Exercise 10 – Muscle and Nervous Tissues………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
Integumentary System
Laboratory Exercise 11 – Integumentary System…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
Skeletal System
Laboratory Exercise 12 – Bone Structure and Classification…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
Laboratory Exercise 13 – Organization of the Skeleton………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 21
Laboratory Exercise 14 – Skull……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Laboratory Exercise 15 – Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage……………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Laboratory Exercise 16 – Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
Laboratory Exercise 17 – Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
Laboratory Exercise 18 – Fetal Skeleton………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
Laboratory Exercise 19 – Joint Structure and Movements…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Muscular System
Laboratory Exercise 20 – Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function…………………………………………………………………………………………. 34

Laboratory Exercise 21 – Electromyography: BIOPACExercise……………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
Laboratory Exercise 22 – Muscles of the Head and Neck…………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 36
Laboratory Exercise 23 – Muscles of the Chest, Shoulder, and Upper Limb…………………………………………………………………………… 37
Laboratory Exercise 24 – Muscles of the Vertebral Column, Abdominal Wall, and Pelvic Floor…………………………………………….. 39

,Laboratory Exercise 25 – Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40
Surface Anatomy
Laboratory Exercise 26 – Surface Anatomy………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
Nervous System
Laboratory Exercise 27 – Nervous Tissue and Nerves………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
Laboratory Exercise 28 – Meninges, Spinal Cord, and Spinal Nerves…………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
Laboratory Exercise 29 – Reflex Arc and Somatic Reflexes……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
Laboratory Exercise 30 – Brain and Cranial Nerves……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
Laboratory Exercise 31A – Reaction Time: BIOPAC Exercise……………………………………………………………….………………………………… 48
Laboratory Exercise 31B – Electroencephalography: BIOPAC Exercise…………………………………………………………………………………. 49
Laboratory Exercise 32 – Dissection of the Sheep Brain………………………………………………………………………………………………...……… 50
General and Special Senses
Laboratory Exercise 33 – General Senses………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
Laboratory Exercise 34 – Smell and Taste……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
Laboratory Exercise 35 – Eye Structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 53
Laboratory Exercise 36 – Visual Tests and Demonstrations…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 54
Laboratory Exercise 37 – Ear and Hearing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
Laboratory Exercise 38 – Ear and Equilibrium………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56
Endocrine System
Laboratory Exercise 39 – Endocrine Structure and Function………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
Laboratory Exercise 40 – Diabetic Physiology………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58
Cardiovascular System
Laboratory Exercise 41 – Blood Cells……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60
Laboratory Exercise 42 – Blood Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
Laboratory Exercise 43 – Blood Typing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 62
Laboratory Exercise 44 – Heart Structure……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
Laboratory Exercise 45 – Cardiac Cycle…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
Laboratory Exercise 46 – Electrocardiography: BIOPAC Exercise………………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
Laboratory Exercise 47 – Blood Vessel Structure, Arteries, and Veins…………………………………………………………………………………… 68
Laboratory Exercise 48 – Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure…………………………….………………………………………………………………………… 69
Lymphatic System
Laboratory Exercise 49 – Lymphatic System…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 70
Respiratory System
Laboratory Exercise 50 – Respiratory Organs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 71
Laboratory Exercise 51 – Breathing and Respiratory Volumes………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
Laboratory Exercise 52 – Spirometry: BIOPAC Exercise………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73
Laboratory Exercise 53 – Control of Breathing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74

,Digestive System
Laboratory Exercise 54 – Digestive Organs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75
Laboratory Exercise 55 – Action of a Digestive Enzyme……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 77
Laboratory Exercise 56 – Metabolism………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78


Urinary System
Laboratory Exercise 57 – Urinary Organs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
Laboratory Exercise 58 – Urinalysis………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………… 81
Reproductive Systems and Development
Laboratory Exercise 59 – Male Reproductive System……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 82
Laboratory Exercise 60 – Female Reproductive System………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 83
Laboratory Exercise 61 – Meiosis, Fertilization, and Early Development………………………………………………………………………………. 84
Laboratory Exercise 62 – Genetics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 85
Cat or Fetal Pig Dissection
Laboratory Exercise 63 – Cat (or Fetal Pig) Dissection: Musculature……………………………………………………………………………………… 87
Laboratory Exercise 64 – Cat (or Fetal Pig) Dissection: Cardiovascular System………………………………………………………………………. 89
Laboratory Exercise 65 – Cat (or Fetal Pig) Dissection: Respiratory System……………………………………………………………………………. 92
Laboratory Exercise 66 – Cat (or Fetal Pig) Dissection: Digestive System……………………………………………………………………………….. 94
Laboratory Exercise 67 – Cat (or Fetal Pig) Dissection: Urinary System………………………………………………………………………………….. 96
Laboratory Exercise 68 – Cat (or Fetal Pig) Dissection: Reproductive Systems……………………………………………………………………….. 98
Supplemental Laboratory Exercises (these laboratory exercises are available online)
Laboratory Exercise S-1 – Skeletal Muscle Contraction………………………………………………………………………………………………………….100
Laboratory Exercise S-2 – Nerve Impulse Stimulation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….101
Laboratory Exercise S-3 – Factors Affecting the Cardiac Cycle………………………………………………………………………………………………..102

, Laboratory Exercise 1
Scientific Method and Measurements



Pre-Lab Answers

1. a 4. b 7. b
2. c 5. c 8. a
3. d 6. c

Laboratory Assessments Answers

Part A: Assessments
1. (experimental results)
2. (experimental results)
3. Answers will vary; however, many students will conclude that the data will support their original hypothesis.

Part B: Assessments
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
4. Answers will vary.
5. Answers will vary.
6. Answers will vary.