Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation
Anatomy
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Observation is used to see sizes and relationships of parts
Gross Anatomy: Large structures, easily observable
Example of Gross Anatomy
1
,Microscopic Anatomy or Histology
2
,Structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cells and tissues can be viewed only with a microscope
Example of Microscopic Anatomy
Branches of Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy or Embryology
Radiographic Anatomy
Surgical Anatomy
Functional Anatomy or Physiology: Study of how the body and its parts work or
function
Structure determines what functions can occur
For example, the air sacs of the lungs have very thin walls, a feature that enables them to
exchange gases and provide oxygen to the body
Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
Cells
Tissues - epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
Organs
Organ systems
3
, Organisms
Cells are the smallest structural unit of the body
Body Systems
Integumentary System
Forms the external body covering (skin) and includes hair and fingernails · Waterproofs the body · C
Skeletal System
Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments (connect two bones at joints), and joints · Provides muscle
4
Anatomy
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Observation is used to see sizes and relationships of parts
Gross Anatomy: Large structures, easily observable
Example of Gross Anatomy
1
,Microscopic Anatomy or Histology
2
,Structures are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cells and tissues can be viewed only with a microscope
Example of Microscopic Anatomy
Branches of Anatomy
Developmental Anatomy or Embryology
Radiographic Anatomy
Surgical Anatomy
Functional Anatomy or Physiology: Study of how the body and its parts work or
function
Structure determines what functions can occur
For example, the air sacs of the lungs have very thin walls, a feature that enables them to
exchange gases and provide oxygen to the body
Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
Cells
Tissues - epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
Organs
Organ systems
3
, Organisms
Cells are the smallest structural unit of the body
Body Systems
Integumentary System
Forms the external body covering (skin) and includes hair and fingernails · Waterproofs the body · C
Skeletal System
Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments (connect two bones at joints), and joints · Provides muscle
4
