Parasitology Exam 1 Questions and Correct Solutions 2023

Phoresis - The term for "traveling together" Commensalism - A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected Mutualism - A relationship between two species in which both species benefit Parasitism - A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed Ectoparasites - Parasites that feed on external surface of host. Endosymbionts - any organism that lives within the cells of another organism Schizogony (merogony) - Asexual multiplication of Apicomplexa; multiple intracellular nuclear divisions precede cytoplasmic division. Sporogony - Sexual reproduction of Apicomplexa. Production of spores and sporozoites. Gametogony - the phase of the development cycle of the malarial and coccidial parasite in the human in which male and female gametocytes are formed Conjugation - process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information Syngamy - the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction. Encystment - The ability to form cysts, or dormant forms surrounded by a resistant outer covering. Important for parasitic forms in order to survive while moving between hosts. Excystment - escape from cyst to metabolically active, motile form (trophozoite) African Sleeping Sickness - the disease in humans caused by African Trypanosomes Nagana - the disease in cattle/other animals caused by African Trypanosomes Trypanosoma brucei gambiense - the trypanosome associated with humans is chronic (sleeping-sickness stage with CNS invaded) and found in West Africa Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense - the trypanosome associated with humans and wild ruminants, is acute (rapid onset, decline, death) and found in East Africa Trypanosoma brucei brucei - the trypanosome associated with all domestic and wild mammals in Africa Trypanosoma trypomastigote - what is the species and developmental stage? Trypanosoma amastigote - what is the species and developmental stage? Trypanosoma epimastigote - what is the species and developmental stage? kinetoplast - what is this structure? undulating membrane - what is the structure that runs from the posterior to the anterior end of this organism? Tse-Tse Fly - vector for African Trypanosoma metacyclic trypomastigote - the infective stage of trypanosoma that is passed by the vector into the host bloodstream bloodstream trypomastigote - once a trypanosoma enters the bloodstream from the vector the life stage becomes chancre - red, round, superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge as a result of trypanosoma infection glycoprotein surface coat - trypanosomes have ______________ on the outside as a means of molecular mimickry binary fission - trypanosomes multiply in the fly gut by epimastigotes - when trypanosomes leave the midgut of the fly they become ______ and then go to salivary glands to multiply again Trypansosoma cruzi - the trypanosomas found in the Americas Trypanosoma cruzi - the trypanosoma that infects humans, dogs, cats, and rodents and can be acute or chronic