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Samenvatting Thema 1 Functionele morfologie van de cel

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uitgebreide samenvatting het het leerboek Biogenie 5 van Thema 1

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Institution
Secondary school
Study
3e graad
Course
School year
5

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Summarized whole book?
No
Which chapters are summarized?
Thema 1
Uploaded on
June 18, 2023
Number of pages
10
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary

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DEEL 1: DE CEL, BASISEENHEID VAN LEVEN


THEMA 1 FUNCTIONELE MORFOLOGIE VAN DE CEL
2 OBSERVEREN VAN CELLEN
2.3 OBSERVEREN MET ELEKRTONENMICROSCOOP




3 SUBMICROSCOPISCHE STUDIE VAN HET CELOPPERVLAK
3.1 CELWAND
- planten -> cellulose < vezels < aaneengebonden glucose (C 6H12O6)
- fungi -> chitine (weetje: penicilium, penicilline, eerste antibioticum,
A. Fleming)
- bacteriën -> mucopeptide (groei, achillespees) + glycocalix (dikke,




slijmerige laag)

planten fungi bacteriën
functie:
- stevigheid

, DEEL 1: DE CEL, BASISEENHEID VAN LEVEN

- beschermedne laag tegen afbraak of tegen ongunstige
milieuomstandigheden
3.2 CELMEMBRAAN, PLASMMEMBRAAN, PLASMALEMMA
-> begrenst de cytoplasma (celorganellen + cytosol/celvocht)

bouw:
- dubbele fosfolipidenlaag met cholesterol (nauwelijks in plantencellen) en
proteïnen
perifeer (drijven op dubbellaag) + transmembraan ( steken door de
dubbellaag heen)
- dierlijke cellen: glycocalix/sacharidenketen -> glycolipiden en
glycoproteïnen




eigenschappen:
- emulgator: polaire kop en apolaire staart die bij elkaar blijven door
emulsie (bv. zeepbel)
- flexibel: kan elke vorm aannemen, steeds contact tussen de fosfolipiden
<- cholesterol
- zelfsluitend: wanneer men er een gaatje doorhene prikt (bv. sperma-
injectie)
- selectief doorlaatbaar

functie:
- omsluit en isoleert de celinhoud
- selectief doorlaatbaar in twee richtingen
-> gassen (O2, N2, CO2) tussen de fosfolipiden
-> moleculen via transmembraanproteïenen die poriën/kanalen vormen
- herkennen stoffen buiten de cel
-> receptorfunctie, sleutel-slot mechanisme (bv. insulinereceptor)
-> membraanproteïnen (bv. glucosetransport)
- communicatie met andere cellen
-> via glycocalix/sacharideketens -> kenmerkende structuur bij elke celtype,
cellen herkennen elkaar
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