HAZMAT - Tech 1, Exam Review Questions (Study Guide). Comprehensive revision Doc.

HAZMAT - Tech 1, Exam Review Questions (Study Guide). Comprehensive revision Doc. HAZMAT Technician - -Responds to HAZMAT / WMDs using risk-based response process, analyzes, selects decon procedures, and controls. HAZMAT Technician Additional Training - -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) HAZMAT Technician Goals - -*ANALYZE* incident *PLAN* response *IMPLEMENT* planned response *EVALUATE* progress *TERMINATE* incident Acid - -pH less than 7. Turns blue litmus red, sour taste, and reacts with bases. Caustic - -pH greater than 7. Capable of burning / corroding / dissolving / eating away by chemical action. Air-Reactivity - -Materials that can react / ignite when exposed to air (ex: phosphorus) Auto-Refrigeration - -Phenomenon that occurs during rapid release (boiling) of a liquefied gas that causes it to temporarily remain in a liquid state through rapid cooling. Biological Agents - -Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms and all associated toxins. Reproduce rapidly and require minimal resource for survival. Blood Agents - -Chemical compound (including cyanide) which prevents normal utilization of blood by body tissues. Does not actually affect blood itself. Boiling Point - -*Temperature at which transition from liquid to gas state occurs.* At this temperature, the vapor pressure of a liquid equals surrounding atmospheric pressure, so liquid rapidly becomes a vapor. Catalyst - -Substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. Chemical Change - -Change that takes place on *molecular level, which produces a new substance.* Chemical Interactions - -Caused when two or more chemicals, or the chemical and its container, are incompatible. Compound Mixture - -Separate elements that bond together. Tendency to break down into their component parts, sometimes explosively. Concentration - -Amount of acid or base compared to the amount of water present (relating to corrosives) Critical Temperature - -Minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied. *A gas cannot be liquefied above its critical temperature.* Critical Pressure - -The pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to its liquid state Dissociation - -Separation of a substance into two or more simpler substances, or of a molecule into atoms or ions, by the action of heat or a chemical process. *Is usually reversible.* Corrosive (acids / bases) - -Measure of a substance's tendency to deteriorate in the presence of another substance or in a particular environment. Dose - -Concentration or amount of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period. Dose Response - -The biological reaction caused by the dose in the body. Degree of harm is directly related to dose (time and amount) and its impact on bodily functions. Expansion Ratio - -Amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature *560 : 1445* Flash Point - -The minimum temperature at which a material gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air and *will not continue to burn. Requires external ignition source.* Fire Point - -Temperature at which vapors are given off to support *continuous burning* Flammable (Explosive) Range - -Difference between upper and lower flammable limits Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) - -Minimum concentration of vapor to air below which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source. Also known as *"too lean to burn"*. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) - -Maximum vapor to air concentration above which a flame will not propagate. Also known as *"too rich to burn"*. Half-Life - -Period of time it takes a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. Halogenated Hydrocarbons - -Subgroup of aromatic hydrocarbons in which *one of the hydrogen molecules is substituted by a halogen group*. Inhibitor - -Added to products to control chemical reaction with other products. If not added or if it escapes during an incident, the material will begin to polymerize, creating a dangerous situation. Ignition (Auto-Ignition) Temperature - -Temperature at which a material (solid / liquid / gas) will self-ignite and sustain combustion in air without an external spark or flame. Instability - -Materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self-react and are generally considered unstable (Division 5.2) Ionic or Covalent Bonds - -Materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons Irritants (Riot Control Agents) - -Cause respiratory distress and copious tearing that incapacitates a victim Maximum Safe Storage Temperature (MSST) - -Maximum temperature that an organic peroxide may be stored safely Melting Point - -The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid allowing it to spread more readily Freezing - -The temperature at which a liquid converts to a solid. Miscibility - -Tendency or ability of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend, or to dissolve in each other. Complete solubility. Water and (ethyl) alcohol are miscible, oil and water are not. Nerve Agents - -Substances that interfere with *central nervous system*. Organic - -Derived from plants or animals, made of carbon Inorganic - -Not animal or vegetable, lacks carbon Oxidation Potential - -Combining anything with oxygen or propensity to yield oxygen and present a greater hazard Persistence - -Chemical's ability to remain in the environment pH - -Measure of hydrogen ion concentration, acidity (7-) or alkalinity (7+) Physical Change - -Not chemical change. Physical State - -Form at ambient temperature. Solid, liquid, or gas Polymerization - -Small molecules (monomers) combine to make a large chain molecule (polymer) Radioactivity - -Emission of ionizing radiation from nuclear reaction or unstable nucleus breakdown. Alpha - -*Positively charged* particle, radioactive, *not dangerous unless ingested*. Beta - -Small particle with *more penetrating power than Alpha* and can cause the same internal damage as a Alpha. *Travels up to 2.1m (7 ft)*. PPE protects against it. Gamma - -Radiation type that penetrates human tissue, originates from nucleus of atom, speed of light, most dangerous. Time, distance, and shielding to protect. Reactivity - -Propensity to release energy or undergo change Water Reactivity - -Sensitivity to water without other stuff Riot Control Agent (Tear Gas) - -Irritates all your shit Saturated Hydrocarbons - -Only single bonds. Also called alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons. Examples: methane, butane. Unsaturated Hydrogen - -At least one multiple bond. More reactive/hazardous. One double bond are alkenes, one triple bond are alkynes. Aromatic Hydrocarbon - -Contains benzene ring (6 carbon atoms) and double bonds. *Greatest hazard is toxicity*. Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature - -Irreversible (possibly violent) decomposition of organic peroxide begins at this temperature Solubility - -Ability of a substance to form a solution with water Solution - -Mixture, all dissolved Slurry - -Pourable mixture, liquid and solid Specific Gravity - -Weight of solid or liquid compared to equal volume of water Strength - -Concentration of a solution (Corrosivity) Sublimation - -Ability to go from solid straight to vapor Temperature of Product - -Influences hazards Toxic Products of Combustion - -Some generated materials more toxic when combusting Vapor Density - -Weight of vapor compared to