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Summary A Level Biology - Electrocardiograms Notes

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Detailed and comprehensive notes on electrocardiograms (Edexcel biology A). [“A-Level Biology: Edexcel A Year 1 & 2 Complete Revision & Practice” (CGP, ISBN: 9781782942986), “Salters-Nuffield AS/A level Biology Student Book 1” (Pearson, ISBN: 9781447991007) and “Salters-Nuffield A level Biology Student Book 2” (Pearson, ISBN: 9781447991014) used as reference materials].

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Topic 7 (9BN002)








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Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Subject
Biology A Salters Nuffield
Unit
Topic 7 (9BN002)
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Uploaded on
June 13, 2023
Number of pages
1
Written in
2021/2022
Type
Summary

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  • a level
  • biology
  • edexcel
  • salters nuffield a
  • topic 7
  • run for your life
  • muscle
  • skeletal muscle
  • sliding filament theory
  • aerobic respiration
  • glycolysis
  • link reaction
  • krebs cycle
  • oxidative phosphoryla
  • notes

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Electrocardiograms
7.8 iii) Understand how the use of electrocardiograms (ECGs) can aid the diagnosis of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) and other heart conditions.

Electrocardiographs
• Electrocardiograph: A machine that record the electrical activity of the heart.
• Heart muscle depolarises when it contracts and repolarises when it relaxes.
• An electrocardiograph records changes in electrical charge using electrodes placed on the chest.
• A trace produced by an electrocardiograph is called an electrocardiogram (ECG).

Electrocardiograms (ECGs)




• P Wave: Depolarisation/contraction of the atria (atrial systole); initiated by the SAN.

• PR Interval: Time for impulses to be conducted from the SAN across the atria to the ventricles,
through the AVN.

• QRS Complex: Depolarisation/contraction of the ventricles (ventricular systole).

• T Wave: Repolarisation/relaxation of the ventricles (diastole).

Heart Conditions
• Tachycardia: Increased heart rate (>100bpm).
• Bradycardia: Reduced heart rate (<60pbm).
• Fibrillation: Irregular heart beat – atria and ventricles have lost their rhythm.
• Ischaemia: Heart muscle does not receive blood due to atherosclerosis blocking coronary arteries.




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