ARDMS PRACTICE EXAM Final Questions and Answers 2023 | 2024 (Verified Graded A+)

ARDMS PRACTICE EXAM Final Questions and Answers 2023 | 2024 (Verified Graded A+) The congenital cardiac anaomaly seen most frequently in adults is(Answer) A. Ebstein's anomaly B. Bicuspid aortic valve C. Ventricular septal defect D. Endocardial cushion defect(Answer) B. Bicuspid aortic valve 2. Which endocardiographic window is used in the detection and assessment of the inferior vena cava? A. apical B. subcostal C. parasternal D. suprsternal(Answer) B. Subcostal 3. What is the number and location of the papillary muscles of a normal mitral valve? A. one; the posteromedial B. two; the posterolmedial and anterolateral C. two; the inferolateral and posteromedial D. three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral(Answer) B. two; the pos- terolateral and anterolateral 4. Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with(Answer) A. Opening snap and systolic murmur B. Diastolic murmur and third heart sound C. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound D. Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur(Answer) D. Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur 5. Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from(Answer) A. Dressler's syndrome B. Ischemic heart disease C. Bacterial endocarditis D. Rheumatic heart disease(Answer) B. Ischemic heart disease 6. In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation's must have a diameter of at least(Answer) A. One centimeter B. Three millimeters C. Three centimeters D. Five millimeters(Answer) B. Three millimeters 7. How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bed with the left atrium in the normal heart? A. one B. two C. three D. four(Answer) D. four 8. Which M-mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fenestrated aortic valve? a. diastolic flutter of the mitral valve b. premature opening of the aortic valve c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve d. eary systolic closure of the aortic valve(Answer) c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve 9. Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on the echocardiogram of patients with Marfan's syndrome? A. mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion B. mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation C. left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation D. dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis(Answer) b. mitral valve prolapse and pericardial effusion 10. Which term is used to describe a segment of ventrcular wall that exhibits no motion? A. akinesis B. dyskinesis C. hypokinesis D. hyperkinesis(Answer) A. akinesis 11. A true aneurysm of the left ventricle can usually be distinguished from a pseudoaneurysm because a pseudoaneurysm(Answer) A. has a smaller, more narrow neck than a true aneurysm B. never contain thrombi whereas a true aneurysm always contain a layered thrombus C. is always larger in overall size than a true aneurysm(Answer) A. has a smaller, more narrow neck than a true aneurysm 12. Which type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis? a. congestive b. restrictive c. hypertrophic d. infiltrative(Answer) d. infiltrative 13. In a patient with carcinoid heart disease, the cardiac sonographer must devote special attention to identifying abnormalilties of the(Answer) a. aortic arch b. aortic valve c. mitral valve d. tricuspid valve(Answer) d. tricuspid 14. Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is best for identifying the malformed tricuspid valve apparatus that characterizes Ebstein's anomaly(Answer) a. apical two chamber b. apical four chamber c. parasternal long axis d. parasternal short axis(Answer) b. apical four chamber 15. Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated lesion and is usually associated with(Answer) a. tricuspid atresia b. atrial septal defect c. coarctation of the aorta d. ventricular septal defect(Answer) d. Ventricular septal defect 16. Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is best for the assessment of the interatrial septum? a. apical long axis b. apical four chamber c. parasternal short axis d. subcostal four chamber(Answer) d. subcostal 17. The most common type of atrial septal defect is the(Answer) a. ostium primum b. sinus venosus c. coronary sinus d. ostium secundum(Answer) d. ostium secundum 18. M-mode echo demenstration of mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve along with a decreased "a" wave is most consistent with(Answer) a. pulmonary hypertension b. pulmonary insufficiency c. valvular pulmonary stenosis d. infundibular pulmonary stenosis(Answer) a. pulmonary hypertension 19. False overriding of the aorta may be produced on the M-mode echo by(Answer) a. using a transducer with too low a frequency b. failure to turn the patient into a left decubitus position c. positioning the transducer in too high an intercostal space d. positioning the transducer in too low an intercostal space(Answer) c. positioning the transducer in too high an intercostal space 20. Atrial fibrillation is most commonly associated with which valvular disease? a. bicuspid aortic valve b. mitral valve prolapse c. calcific aortic stenosis d. rheumatic mitral stenosis(Answer) d. rheumatic mitral stenosis 21. Which is an example of a bioprosthetic cardiac valve? a. Starr-Edwards ball b. Bjork-Shiley tilting disc c. St.Jude Medical bileaflet d. Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial(Answer) D. Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial 22. Doppler measures a pressure drop (gradient) by the Bernoulli equation. This equation actually measures the gradient across the valve. a. mean b. peak to peak c. peak instantaneous d. pressure half-time(Answer) c. peak instantaneous 23. When a patient has a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis(Answer) a. a pericardal effusion is always present on echo b. a pericardial effusion may not be present on echo c. pericardial thickening is always present on echo d. pericardial thickening must not be present on echo(Answer) B. a pericardial effusion may not be present on echo