Test 2 nr545-14176 Exam With
Complete Solution
sneezing is associated with - Answer inflammation or foreign material in the nasal
passages
a constant dry or unproductive cough is fatiguing because it interferes with sleep, and
the respiratory muscles are used excessively - Answer cough suppressant medications
e.g. codeine or dextromethorphan
a productive cough usually occurs when secretions or inflammatory exudate accumulate
in the lungs. Excess secretions may become infected and tend to obstruct the airways. -
Answer it is helpful in such cases to increase fluid intake to keep the secretions thin and
easy to remove. an expectorant medication e.g. quaifenesin or the use of a humidifier
also may assist in removing secretions
sputum or mucoid discharge from the respiratory tract may have significant
characteristics depending on the abnormality causing it - Answer normal secretions are
relatively thin, clear, and colorless or cream color
yellowish green, cloudy thick mucus - Answer bacterial infection
large amounts of purulent sputum with foul odor - Answer bronchiectasis
thick, tenacious mucus - Answer patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis; blood-tinged
secretions may result from a chronic cough and irritation that causes rupture of
superficial capillaries, but it may also be a sign of a tumor or tuberculosis
hemoptysis is blood tinged frothy sputum - Answer pulmonary edema
hematemesis - Answer vomitus containing blood and is usually granular and dark in
color
normal rate of breathing - Answer 10-18 inspirations per minute
kussmaul respirations - Answer deep rapid respirations or "air hunger" are typical of a
state of acidosis or may follow strenuous exercise
labored respirations or prolonged inspiration or expiration - Answer obstruction of the
airways
, wheezing or whistling sounds indicate - Answer obstruction in the small airways
stridor a high pitched crowing noise - Answer upper airway obstruction
rales and rhonchi are abnormal breathing sounds resulting from air mixing with
excessive secretions in the lungs - Answer rales are light bubbly of crackling sounds
associated with serous secretions.
rhonchi are deeper and harsher sounds resulting from thicker mucus
absence of breathing sounds indicates nonaeration or collapse of a lung
dyspnea is a subjective feeling of discomfort that occurs when a person feels unable to
inhale enough air - Answer it may be manifested as breathlessness or shortness of
breath, either with exertion or at rest
severe dyspnea may be accompanied by flaring of the nostrils - Answer use of the
accessory respiratory muscles or retraction of the muscles between or above the ribs
orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down - Answer pulmonary
congestion develops as more blood pools in the lungs when the person lies down and
also as the abdominal contents push upward against the lungs.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sudden acute type of dyspnea common in patients
with left-sided heart failure - Answer during sleep the body fluid is redistributed, leading
to pulmonary edema and the individual wakes up gasping for air and coughing
cyanosis is the bluish coloring of the skin and mucous membranes that results from
large amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood - Answer cyanosis is not a
reliable early indicator of hypoxia
pleural pain results from inflammation or infection of the parietal pleura - Answer it is
cyclic pain that increases as the inflamed membrane is stretched with inspiration or
coughing
friction rub may be heard, a soft sound produced as the rough membranes move
against each other. - Answer pleural inflammation may be caused by lobar pneumonia
or lung infarction
clubbed fingers and sometimes toes result from chronic hypoxia associated with
respiratory or cardiovascular diseases - Answer it is a painless, firm, fibrotic
enlargement at the end of the digit
hypoxemia refers to inadequate oxygen in the blood - Answer hypoxia refers to
inadequate oxygen supply to the cells
hypoxemia and hypoxia may occur because of the following:
Complete Solution
sneezing is associated with - Answer inflammation or foreign material in the nasal
passages
a constant dry or unproductive cough is fatiguing because it interferes with sleep, and
the respiratory muscles are used excessively - Answer cough suppressant medications
e.g. codeine or dextromethorphan
a productive cough usually occurs when secretions or inflammatory exudate accumulate
in the lungs. Excess secretions may become infected and tend to obstruct the airways. -
Answer it is helpful in such cases to increase fluid intake to keep the secretions thin and
easy to remove. an expectorant medication e.g. quaifenesin or the use of a humidifier
also may assist in removing secretions
sputum or mucoid discharge from the respiratory tract may have significant
characteristics depending on the abnormality causing it - Answer normal secretions are
relatively thin, clear, and colorless or cream color
yellowish green, cloudy thick mucus - Answer bacterial infection
large amounts of purulent sputum with foul odor - Answer bronchiectasis
thick, tenacious mucus - Answer patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis; blood-tinged
secretions may result from a chronic cough and irritation that causes rupture of
superficial capillaries, but it may also be a sign of a tumor or tuberculosis
hemoptysis is blood tinged frothy sputum - Answer pulmonary edema
hematemesis - Answer vomitus containing blood and is usually granular and dark in
color
normal rate of breathing - Answer 10-18 inspirations per minute
kussmaul respirations - Answer deep rapid respirations or "air hunger" are typical of a
state of acidosis or may follow strenuous exercise
labored respirations or prolonged inspiration or expiration - Answer obstruction of the
airways
, wheezing or whistling sounds indicate - Answer obstruction in the small airways
stridor a high pitched crowing noise - Answer upper airway obstruction
rales and rhonchi are abnormal breathing sounds resulting from air mixing with
excessive secretions in the lungs - Answer rales are light bubbly of crackling sounds
associated with serous secretions.
rhonchi are deeper and harsher sounds resulting from thicker mucus
absence of breathing sounds indicates nonaeration or collapse of a lung
dyspnea is a subjective feeling of discomfort that occurs when a person feels unable to
inhale enough air - Answer it may be manifested as breathlessness or shortness of
breath, either with exertion or at rest
severe dyspnea may be accompanied by flaring of the nostrils - Answer use of the
accessory respiratory muscles or retraction of the muscles between or above the ribs
orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down - Answer pulmonary
congestion develops as more blood pools in the lungs when the person lies down and
also as the abdominal contents push upward against the lungs.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a sudden acute type of dyspnea common in patients
with left-sided heart failure - Answer during sleep the body fluid is redistributed, leading
to pulmonary edema and the individual wakes up gasping for air and coughing
cyanosis is the bluish coloring of the skin and mucous membranes that results from
large amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood - Answer cyanosis is not a
reliable early indicator of hypoxia
pleural pain results from inflammation or infection of the parietal pleura - Answer it is
cyclic pain that increases as the inflamed membrane is stretched with inspiration or
coughing
friction rub may be heard, a soft sound produced as the rough membranes move
against each other. - Answer pleural inflammation may be caused by lobar pneumonia
or lung infarction
clubbed fingers and sometimes toes result from chronic hypoxia associated with
respiratory or cardiovascular diseases - Answer it is a painless, firm, fibrotic
enlargement at the end of the digit
hypoxemia refers to inadequate oxygen in the blood - Answer hypoxia refers to
inadequate oxygen supply to the cells
hypoxemia and hypoxia may occur because of the following:
