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What is the physiology of the parasympathetic nervous system (Where does it originate, what does it release, which cranial nerve is under this) What is the effect on the FHR? How does gestational age influence this? How does this influence variability? What blocks the parasympathetic system, thus increasing the FHR? - It originates in the Medulla Oblongota. It releases acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that slows the HR. It hold the vagus nerve, this is the 10th cranial nerve that innervates the SA and AV nodes. Vagus nerve is not mature until 28 weeks gestation. In early gestation, FHR control is dominated by the sympathetic system which increases FHR. With increasing gestational age, there will be a decrease in FHR and increase in FHR variability. Parasympathetic keeps the body at a calm state, promotes relaxation. (decreases the FHR) FHR variability represents an intact CNS pathway through cerebral cortex, midbrain, vagus nerve and normal cardiac conduction system. Moderate variability indicates absence of metabolic academia. Atropine blocks, and will increase HR. What catecholamines does the sympathetic nervous system release? What can they cause? What reserve mechanism does it have, and how does this affect the FHR? And the fetus organs? How does it influence gestational age?