Zoonosis
Animals spread via: bites, vector carriers, contact or faeces
Rabies
Rhabdovirus
Single strand RNA
In saliva of infected mammals
Transmitted when saliva enters wound
Eventually fatal
Incubation of 4-13 weeks
Travels up PNS to CNS
Infection:
Virus replicates in muscle
Enters PNS into sensory neurons
Replicates in ganglia and travels up the spine
Infects the brain which gives access to other organs
Treatment:
Clean the infected wound
Vaccine and combination of antibodies over a month
Marburg and Ebola
Filoviruses
Negative strand RNA
Causes fatal haemorrhagic fever
Endemic to Africa
Marburg:
Sudden onset of fever, headache and muscle pain after 3-9 days
After a week rash develops, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea
Then jaundice, organ failure and haemorrhage with death from hypovolemic
shock
Spread by close contact with body fluids
Ebola:
Spread by direct contact with body fluids
Incubation 2-21 days
High fever, severe headache, muscle pain and exhaustion
Then bleeding both internally and externally
Death caused by blood loss after 7-14 days due to hypotension or organ failure
Flaviviruses
Transmitted by insects
Yellow Fever, West Nile encephalitis and Dengue Fever
2-3 days - asymptomatic
3-7 days – fever, aches and chills as it infects macrophages, liver and lymph
Week+ - infects the brain, liver and vessels causing encephalitis and
haemorrhagic fever
Brucellosis
Animals spread via: bites, vector carriers, contact or faeces
Rabies
Rhabdovirus
Single strand RNA
In saliva of infected mammals
Transmitted when saliva enters wound
Eventually fatal
Incubation of 4-13 weeks
Travels up PNS to CNS
Infection:
Virus replicates in muscle
Enters PNS into sensory neurons
Replicates in ganglia and travels up the spine
Infects the brain which gives access to other organs
Treatment:
Clean the infected wound
Vaccine and combination of antibodies over a month
Marburg and Ebola
Filoviruses
Negative strand RNA
Causes fatal haemorrhagic fever
Endemic to Africa
Marburg:
Sudden onset of fever, headache and muscle pain after 3-9 days
After a week rash develops, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea
Then jaundice, organ failure and haemorrhage with death from hypovolemic
shock
Spread by close contact with body fluids
Ebola:
Spread by direct contact with body fluids
Incubation 2-21 days
High fever, severe headache, muscle pain and exhaustion
Then bleeding both internally and externally
Death caused by blood loss after 7-14 days due to hypotension or organ failure
Flaviviruses
Transmitted by insects
Yellow Fever, West Nile encephalitis and Dengue Fever
2-3 days - asymptomatic
3-7 days – fever, aches and chills as it infects macrophages, liver and lymph
Week+ - infects the brain, liver and vessels causing encephalitis and
haemorrhagic fever
Brucellosis
