NURS 110 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE WITH ALL THE CORRECT ANSWERS JUNE 2023 UPDATED.

1. Differentiate between health and wellness. -Health is a state of optimal functioning or well being; whereas wellness is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. (pg.11 on textbook) 2. Summarize the historical development of nursing. -Theory of Animism: -good spirits brough health; evil spirits brought sickness and death. Roles of nurse & physician: nurse-caring mother // physician=man Ancient Greek: Temples became center of medical care -nurses cared for the sick, practiced as nurse-midwives Early Christian period: nursing has formal and clearly defined role -nurses developed purpose, direction & leadership 16th Century: -Shift from religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge -nursing had a poor reputation, low pay, and worked long hours 19th and 20th century: social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general -based on FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE (1860): challenged prejudices against women-she established the first training school & wrote books about healthcare -Contributions of FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: identified personal needs of patient and role of nurse, standards for hospital management, established nursing education and nursing as a respected occupation for women, recognized 2 components of nursing, health, and illness, established nursing education, believed that nursing is separate & distinct from medicine 19th to 21st century: hospital schools; female nurses under male administration; WW2: worked outside the house, explosion in medicine and technology, growth of nursing as a professional discipline; first time seeing large numbers of women working outside of home, introduction/emphasis on EBP (evidence-based practice) 1950s to present: broadened in all areas, a wide variety of health care setting; specific body of knowledge; conduct and publication of nursing research, role of nursing in promoting health, increased emphasis on nursing knowledge as the foundation for evidence based practice lead to growth of nursing as a professional discipline.