CETP Chapter 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers

CETP Chapter 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers What do we call the pressure inside vs outside the lungs? - ANSWER Pressure within the lungs: alveolar pressure Pressure outside the lungs: atmospheric pressure Describe how differences in alveolar pressure and atmospheric pressure enable breathing - ANSWER Through contraction of inspiratory muscles, we expand the chest cavity. As the lungs expand, alveolar pressure gets lower than atmospheric pressure. This draws air into the lungs, to equalize pressure. At that point, muscles contract to reduce the volume of the chest cavity. This creates positive pressure within the lungs, pushing air out. How many times per minute does the inhalation-exhalation cycle occur in adults? - ANSWER 12-18 What is the ratio of expiration to inhalation during normal tidal breathing? - ANSWER 60%-40% What is the ratio of expiration to inhalation during breathing for speech? - ANSWER 90%-10% What % total capacity do the lungs have at rest? - ANSWER 40% Describe the right lung vs left lung - ANSWER Right: shorter, broader, bigger. Liver underneath forces it up a bit. Three lobes. Left: Smaller, heart takes up space. Two lobes. Describe the relationship between bronchi, bronchioles, and alveolar ducts - ANSWER In the lungs, bronchi subdivide into bronchioles. Bronchioles repeatedly subdivide until they become very thin. They communicate with alveolar ducts that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs What is the trachea? - ANSWER A tube about 11 centimeters long formed by approximately 20 rings of cartilage. The rings are incomplete at the back, where the trachea comes into direct contact with the esophagus. The last tracheal ring splits into the left and right primary bronchi at T5 Describe the makeup of the spinal column - ANSWER 32-33 individual vertebrae. 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae 5 sacral vertebrae (fused in adults) 3-4 coccygeal vertebrae (fused, called the coccyx)