Microbiology Exam 2 chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9 2023

Microbiology Exam 2 chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9 2023 Microbial Growth - Answer-The increase in numbers of microbes resulting in a discrete colony Heterotrophy - Answer-Eat food. They acquire carbon from organic molecules Autotrophy - Answer-Make food. They make carbon from inorganic CO2 Obligate anaerobe - Answer-Oxygen is deadly to them. They lack the enzyme to neutralize oxygen. Obligate aerobe - Answer-They require oxygen for survival Facultative anaerobe - Answer-Can grow with or without oxygen Toxic oxygen - Answer-Singlet oxygen or H2O2 forms during aerobic respiration and can damage proteins or DNA How microbes deal with toxic oxygen - Answer-They make enzymes like catalase to neutralize the toxic oxygen Growth factors - Answer-Substances, like vitamins, that can't be synthesized by the organism but are required for growth Cells in extreme heat - Answer-Extreme heat denatures the proteins and membranes causing them to become too fluid and leak Psychrophile - Answer-Bacteria that grow in very cold temperatures. Don't cause disease by can cause food spoilage Mesophile - Answer-Bacteria that grow in moderate temperatures like the human body that cause disease Thermophile - Answer-Bacteria that grow in high temperatures like hot springs and compost piles Hyperthermophile - Answer-Bacteria that grow in extremely hot environments like boiling volcanic geysers Acidophile - Answer-Bacteria and fungi that grow in acid environments that can cause disease Alkalinophile - Answer-Bacteria that grow in alkaline environments like soil or water Osmotic Pressure - Continues...