KPEERI Exam Study Guide 2023/2024 Latest Update

A word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken language, a vowel sound - Answer syllable Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds - Answer consonant blend Two consecutive consonants that represent one phoneme, or sound - Answer consonant digraph Sources of information outside of words that readers may use to predict the identities and meanings of unknown words. These may be drawn from the immediate sentence containing the word, from text already read, from pictures accompanying the text, or from definitions, restatements, examples, or descriptions in the text. - Answer context clues Sounds that can be held for several seconds without distortion - Answer continuous sounds Sequences for how information is selected, sequenced, organized, and practiced. These occur within each component of reading where a logical progression of skills would be evident: easier skills are introduced before more difficult skills, so that skills build progressively. - Answer Coordinated Instructional Sequences Instruction that builds upon previously learned concepts. - Answer Cumulative Instruction Text in which a high proportion of words comprise sound-symbol relationships that have already been taught. - Answer Decodable Text These words contain phonic elements that were previously taught. - Answer Decodable Words A prefix or suffix added to a root or base to form another word (e.g., -un in unhappy , -ness in likeness). - Answer Derivational affix The matching instruction that can meet the different needs of learners in a given classroom. - Answer Differentiated Instruction (Keyword: different) A group of two consecutive letters whose phonetic value is a single sound (e.g., /ea/ in bread; /ch/ in chat; /ng/ in sing) - Answer Digraph (Remember the word digraph has a digraPH) A vowel produced by the tongue shifting position during articulation; a vowel that feels as if it has two parts, especially the vowels spelled ow, oy, ou, and oi. - Answer Dipthong (Remember the sentence, "wOW, yOU look good in that thong (diphthong)! :) The teacher defines and teaches a concept, guides students through its application, and arranges for extended guided practice until mastery is achieved. - Answer Direct Instruction Planned instruction to pre-teach new, important, and difficult words to ensure the quantity and quality of exposures to words that students will encounter in their reading. - Answer Direct Vocabulary Instruction Strategies that help students engage the meanings of a text (e.g., asking questions at critical junctures; modeling the thought process used to make inferences; constructing mental imagery). - Answer During Reading Comprehension Strategies A language-based disability that affects both oral and written language. It may also be referred to as reading disability, reading difference, or reading disorder. - Answer Dyslexia A part of writing and preparing presentations concerned chiefly with improving the clarity, organization, concision, and correctness of expression relative to task, purpose, and audience; compared to revising, a smaller-scale activity often associated with surface aspects of a text. - Answer Editing A framework used during phonemic awareness instruction. These are sometimes referred to as Sound Boxes. When working with words, the teacher can draw one box per sound for a target word. Students push a marker into one box as they segment each sound in the word. - Answer Elkonin Boxes The skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing. - Answer Emergent Literacy The ability to translate language into print (writing) is ____________. - Answer Encoding (Remember prefix en- means "put into", you are putting sounds into print). Students whose first language is not English and who are in the process of learning English. - Answer English Language Learner The origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning is called ________________. - Answer Etymology This type of instruction is step-by-step, and the actions of the teacher are clear, specific, direct, and related to the learning objective. - Answer Explicit Instruction (Remember, explicit means something is "expressed clearly") Reports factual information (also referred to as informational text) and the relationships among ideas. This type of text tends to be more difficult for students than narrative text because of the density of long, difficult, and unknown words or word parts. - Answer Expository text (Remember, Expository is writing that seeks to EXplain and Inform) Language that is spoken. - Answer Expressive Language Language that departs from its literal meaning (e.g., The snow sparkled like diamonds; That child is a handful.). - Answer Figurative meanings What are the 5 components of Reading? - Answer Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Grouping students according to shared instructional needs and abilities and regrouping as their instructional needs change. Group size and allocated instructional time may vary among groups. - Answer Flexible grouping Words of one syllable, ending in "f", "l", "z" or "s" - after one vowel is called the ______________ ______________. - Answer Floss/ SAMMY Rule The ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression and comprehension. - Answer Fluency Follows a prescribed format for administration and scoring. Scores obtained from these types of tests are standardized, meaning that interpretation is based on norms from a comparative sample of children. - Answer Formal Assessments (Remember, Formal means having a conventionally recognized form, structure, or set of rules- standardized) The level at which a reader reads at less than a 90% accuracy - Answer Frustrational Reading Level Vocabulary common to written texts but not commonly a part of speech; in the Standards, these words and phrases are analogous to Tier Two words and phrases are typically this... - Answer General academic words and phrases (Remember, Tier 2 isn't necessarily common in every day language Ex. analyze, restrict, formulate.)