GU & Reproductive System Module 12 anatomy and physiology

List etiologies and risk factors for urinary tract infections a. BPH- blocks urine flow 2. Discuss processes and implications of: a. testicular torsion i. Twisting of spermatic cord that suspends testes ii. Most times, congenital abnormalities of tunica vaginalis or spermatic cord exists iii. S&S: severe distress, N/V, ST, effected testes large tender, pain radiates to inguinal area, cremaster reflex absent b. BPH i. Age-related, nonmalignant enlargement of prostate gland ii. Compresses urethra, partial or complete obstruction of urine flow iii. Increased frequency of urination, worse at night iv. Can lead to UTIs, hydronephrosis, hydroureter c. neoplam of the prostate and testes i. Scrotal cancer 1. Risks: exposure to tar, soot, oils; poor hygiene, chronic inflammation, HPV 2. Tx: surgery; prognosis depends on lymph node involvement ii. Testicular cancer 1. Uncommon, typically good prognosis iii. Prostate cancer 1. Diagnosed by biopsy, Gleason score, and tumor markers 2. Tx: watchful waiting, surgery, radiation, chemo, hormonal therapy, cryosurgery