AANP Review Questions and ANSWERS 2022/2023.

AANP Review Questions and ANSWERS 2022/2023. Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter. Correct Answer: "Sawtooth" P waves Definition of unstable angina. Correct Answer: Angina is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria. Correct Answer: ACEI Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade. Correct Answer: Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD Drugs that slow AV node transmission. Correct Answer: β-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel blockers Hypercholesterolemia treatment that → flushing and pruritus. Correct Answer: Niacin Treatment for atrial fibrillation. Correct Answer: Anticoagulation, rate control, cardioversion Treatment for ventricular fibrillation. Correct Answer: Immediate cardioversion Autoimmune complication occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI. Correct Answer: Dressler's syndrome: fever, pericarditis, ↑ ESR Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Correct Answer: Echocardiogram (showing thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction) A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration. Correct Answer: Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac tamponade) Classic ECG findings in pericarditis. Correct Answer: Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation Definition of hypertension. Correct Answer: BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension. Correct Answer: Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit. Correct Answer: Abdominal ultrasound and CT Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Correct Answer: > 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured Treatment for acute coronary syndrome. Correct Answer: Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin What is the metabolic syndrome? Correct Answer: Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 50-year-old male with angina can exercise to 85% of maximum predicted heart rate. Correct Answer: Exercise stress treadmill with ECG Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 65-year-old woman with left bundle branch block and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina. Correct Answer: Pharmacologic stress test (e.g., dobutamine echo) Signs of active ischemia during stress testing. Correct Answer: -Angina -ST-segment changes on ECG -↓ BP ECG findings suggesting MI. Correct Answer: -ST-segment elev (depression = ischemia), -flattened T waves -Q waves A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal. Correct Answer: Prinzmetal's angina The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism. Correct Answer: V/Q scan An agent that reverses the effects of heparin. Correct Answer: Protamine The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin. Correct Answer: PT A young patient with a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising. Correct Answer: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens. Correct Answer: -Oral surgery—amoxicillin; -GI or GU procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after The 6 P's of ischemia due to peripheral vascular disease. Correct Answer: Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, poikilothermia Virchow's triad. Correct Answer: Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage The most common cause of hypertension in young women. Correct Answer: OCPs The most common cause of hypertension in young men. Correct Answer: Excessive EtOH "Stuck-on" appearance. Correct Answer: Seborrheic keratosis Red plaques with silvery-white scales and sharp margins. Correct Answer: Psoriasis The most common type of skin cancer; the lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias. Correct Answer: Basal cell carcinoma Honey-crusted lesions. Correct Answer: Impetigo A febrile patient with a history of diabetes presents with a red, swollen, painful lower extremity. Correct Answer: Cellulitis A 55-year-old obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck. Correct Answer: Acanthosis nigricans. Check fasting blood sugar to rule out diabetes Dermatomal distribution. Correct Answer: Varicella zoster Flat-topped papules. Correct Answer: Lichen planus Iris-like target lesions. Correct Answer: Erythema multiforme A lesion characteristically occurring in a linear pattern in areas where skin comes into contact with clothing or jewelry. Correct Answer: Contact dermatitis Presents with a herald patch, Christmas-tree pattern. Correct Answer: Pityriasis rosea A 16-year-old presents with an annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs. Correct Answer: Alopecia areata (autoimmune process) Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back. KOH prep has a "spaghetti-and-meatballs" appearance. Correct Answer: Pityriasis versicolor Four characteristics of a nevus suggestive of melanoma. Correct Answer: Asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, large diameter Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can → squamous cell carcinoma. Correct Answer: Actinic keratosis "Dewdrop on a rose petal." Correct Answer: Lesions of 1° varicella "Cradle cap." Correct Answer: Seborrheic dermatitis. Treat with antifungals Associated with Propionibacterium acnes and changes in androgen levels. Correct Answer: Acne vulgaris A painful, recurrent vesicular eruption of mucocutaneous surfaces. Correct Answer: Herpes simplex .