Pathology USMLE step 1 2022/2023 Exam with Verified Solutions

Pathology USMLE step 1 2022/2023 Exam with Verified Solutions Anticentromere antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Scleroderma (CREST) Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonehpritis and hemoptysis) Antihistone antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide) Anti-IgG antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) - CORRECT ANSWER Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) - CORRECT ANSWER Vasculitis (cANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome) Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) - CORRECT ANSWER SLE (type III hypersensitivity) Antiplatelet antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Anti-topoisomerase antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Diffuse systemic scleroderma Anti-transglutamniase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss) "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray - CORRECT ANSWER Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts - CORRECT ANSWER Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type) Bacitracin response - CORRECT ANSWER Sensitive: Streptocococcus pyogenes (group A) Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) "Bamboo spine" on x-ray - CORRECT ANSWER Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) Basophilic stippling of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia Bloddy tap on LP - CORRECT ANSWER Subarachnoid hemorrhage "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray - CORRECT ANSWER Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules - CORRECT ANSWER Actinomyces israelii Bronchogenic apical lung tumor - CORRECT ANSWER Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) "Brown" tumor of bone - CORRECT ANSWER Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule - CORRECT ANSWER Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis "Chocolate cyst" of ovary - CORRECT ANSWER Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils - CORRECT ANSWER Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs - CORRECT ANSWER Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum - CORRECT ANSWER Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality Degeneration of dorsal column nerves - CORRECT ANSWER Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)