CPH Exam Latest Update with Verified Solutions

CPH Exam Latest Update with Verified Solutions The epidemiologic triangle (triad) describes the occurrence of disease as an interaction between what three factors? Host, agent and environment Which of the following estimates of an odds ratio most strongly suggests a computational error? 1) 7.8 2) 1.2 3) -0.9 4) 20.9 -0.9 An odds ratio of -0.9 most strongly indicates a computational error because an odds ratio is calculated using probabilities, which cannot be negative. An odds ratio is the probability that an event will occur divided by the probability that it will not occur. Since probabilities cannot be negative, a negative odds ratio would indicate computational error. The sensitivity of a particular screening test for a disease is 95%, and the specificity is 90%. Which of the following statements is correct? 1) Of 100 people sampled from a population with the disease, the test will correctly detect 95 individuals as positive for the disease 2) Of 100 people sampled from a population with the disease, the test will correctly detect 90 individuals as positive for the disease 3) If a person tests positive, the probability of having the disease is 0.95 4) If a person tests positive, the probability of having the disease is 0.90 1) Of 100 people sampled from a population with the disease, the test will correctly detect 95 individuals as positive for the disease Which measure of mortality would you calculate to determine the proportion of all deaths that is caused by heart disease? 1) Case fatality ratio 2) Cause-specific mortality rate 3) Crude mortality rate 4) Proportionate mortality ratio 4) Proportionate mortality ratio Proportionate mortality ratio is calculated as the number of deaths due to a specific disease within a population divided by the total number of deaths in the population. In this case, we would calculate the total number of deaths due to heart disease divided by the total number of deaths within the population of interest. Which of the following best describes a study where exposure histories is collected from a group of persons with a specific disease and from a comparison group to determine the relative frequency of an exposure? 1) Clinical trial 2) Randomized controlled trial 3) Case-control 4) Cohort *Case control*, also known as case-referent studies, estimate the magnitude of an association between and exposure and an outcome. In case control studies, subjects are selected because they have the outcome of interest. The four P's of public health marketing services include: Product, price, place, and promotion An appropriately tailored intervention message most importantly should: 1) Take into account characteristics of the target population 2) Be designed through community organizational strategies 3) Meet the criteria established by the funding agency 4) Be designed and tested by colleagues and experts in the field 1) Take into account characteristics of the target population As defined by Kreuter and Wray, targeted communication i