NSG 533 Exam 4 2023 Correctly Answered with complete solution

HbA - CORRECT ANS 2 alpha, 2 beta Major adult hgb, about 97%, found normally in adults HbA2 - CORRECT ANS 2 alpha, 2 delta Minor adult hgb, 2-3% HbF - CORRECT ANS 2 alpha, 2 gamma Major fetal hgb, this type of hemoglobin is replaced by hemoglobin A shortly (6 months) after birth Greater affinity for oxygen, binds more readily Helpful for growth/metabolism in infancy HbS - CORRECT ANS Quality dysfunction of beta (sickle trait/disease) This type is commonly present in sickle cell disease Normal value RBC - CORRECT ANS 4.5-6 Normal value hemoglobin (Hgb) - CORRECT ANS >13 in men >12 in women Normal value hematocrit (Hct) - CORRECT ANS 40-50 in men 35-45 in women Physical space that the Hb occupies as a percentage of the whole that red cells occupy Usually 3x higher than Hb count Normal value reticulocytes - CORRECT ANS 0.5-2% Low think underproduction, high think destruction/hemolysis or active bleeding Normal value MCV (Mean corpuscular volume) - CORRECT ANS 80-100 fl Measure of the average volume of a RBC Should not be used to rule in or rule out a specific cause of anemia Underproduction Anemia: Microcytic - CORRECT ANS MCV low (<80), microcytic; low retic count Underproduction Anemia: Macrocytic - CORRECT ANS MCV high (>100), macrocytic; low retic count Example microcytic anemia - CORRECT ANS Iron deficiency anemia Examples of macrocytic anemia - CORRECT ANS B12 deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia Normocytic anemia - CORRECT ANS Inflammation Malignancy RBC aplasia Hospitalized patient (dilutional, iatrogenic phlebotomy) Iron Deficiency: Microcytic anemia definition - CORRECT ANS The body doesn't have enough iron, which is needed to make hemoglobin Iron Deficiency: Microcytic anemia etiology - CORRECT ANS Most common cause of anemia worldwide! Blood loss from GI or menstrual most common Inadequate intake of meats- rare Malabsorption with patient's who have had gastrectomy, bariatric surgery procedures (duodenum, and upper jejunum bypassed), celiac disease, or inflammatory bowel disease Iron Deficiency: Microcytic anemia risk factors - CORRECT ANS Heavy menstrual bleeding Being female of child-bearing age