Role and Scope Final Exam 2 Questions with Answers 2023

Role and Scope Final Exam 2 Questions with Answers 2023. What is involved in making a high-quality decision? o The phases of making a high-quality decision include:  Defining objectives  Generating options  Identifying advantages and disadvantages of each option  Ranking the options  Selecting the option most likely to achieve the predefined objectives  Implementing the option, and  Evaluating the result. o Achieves predefined goals, objectives, and outcomes  What is involved in brainstorming? What is the goal? o Brainstorming involves listing all ideas as stated without critique or discussion.  The group leader or facilitator should encourage people to tag onto or spin off ideas from those already suggested. Ideas should not be judged, nor should the relative merits or disadvantages of the ideas be discussed at this time. o GOAL: to generate ideas, no matter how seemingly unrealistic or absurd; the emphasis is on the volume of ideas generated, not necessarily the quality  Solutions may be superficial and fail to solve the problem.  Group brainstorming also takes longer, and the logistics of getting people together may pose a problem.  Define different decision styles (i.e. autocratic, democratic, etc.). Give examples of each o Autocratic:  A leader/manager that makes decisions independent of the input or participation of others.  This has been referred to as the “decide and announce” approach, an authoritative style; more rapid and appropriate in crisis situations  EX: a nurse gives orders about who needs to do CPR during a code o Democratic/Participative:  A leader/manager involves the appropriate personnel in the decision-making process  Take more time, but are better when there is likely to be conflict, if the problem is unstructured, or if the manager doesn’t have the knowledge/skill to solve the problem  EX: involving the interdisciplinary team to make decisions that affect patient care or seeking representation on a task force  Define the decision making process. What are the different steps? o Decision making is a purposeful and goal-directed effort that uses a systematic process to choose among options; the identification and selection of options/alternatives. o Steps: See high-quality decision  Listing options, identifying the pros and cons of each, ranking them, and selecting the best one  What are characteristics of a good nursing decision maker? o Ability to think critically o Self-aware o Reflects on past situations o Creative o Possesses professional judgment o Good communication skills o Conflict resolution and mediation skills o Knowledge of the vagaries of group dynamics o Ability to foster an environment conducive to effective problem solving, decision making, and creative thinking. R&S EXAM 2 Study Guide – 50 Questions o Seek information from various sources o Learn how to approach problems from others o Collaborative o Stay up-to-date on research  Define evidence based practice. o EBP is the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence from systematic research that is applied to practice; the selective and practical use of the best evidence, as demonstrated by research, to guide health-care implementation and decisions. o Steps:  0 Cultivate a spirit of inquiry.  1 Ask the burning clinical question in PICOT (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time frame) format.  2 Search for and collect the most relevant best evidence.  3 Critically appraise the evidence (i.e., rapid critical appraisal, evaluation, and synthesis).  4 Integrate the best evidence with one's clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making a practice decision or change.  5 Evaluate outcomes of the practice design or change based on evidence  6 Disseminate the outcomes of the EBP (evidence-based practice) decision or change.  What are sources of support for nurses’ beliefs? (focus on professional sources, EBP) o ANA, NLN o Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evidence-based practice: o Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM): o The Cochrane Collaboration: o Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR): o Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Toronto: o Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD): o Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) o Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database o NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED) o Guidelines International Network: o National Guideline Clearinghouse: o National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: o National Institute of Clinical Studies: o Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN): o CANCERLIT o CINAHL o EMBASE o EBSCO o MEDLINE o OVID o PsycINFO o PubMed o o Clinical nursing journals (peer-reviewed)  Specific, current (3-5 years old) o http://www . o National Guideline Clearinghouse o The Cochrane Collaboration o SUNY website o Expert opinion o Collaborative consensus o Published standards o Historical data o Local quality assurance studies o Institutional reports o  Define nursing research. What is involved? What are elements of nursing research? o Nursing research is a systematic process for answering questions though the discovery of new information with the ultimate goal of improving client care.  To test, refine, and advance the knowledge on which improved education, clinical judgment, and cost-effective, safe, ethical nursing care rests  Designed to refine and expand the scientific foundation of nursing o Methodical observation, nursing education, critical discernment of evidence, o Elements:  Know where and how to find the best possible sources of evidence  Formulate clear clinical questions  Search for relevant answers to those questions from the best possible sources, including those that evaluate or appraise evidence for its usefulness with respect to a particular patient or population  Determine when and how to integrate those findings into practice o  What are barriers to implementation of research findings? o Isolation of research from other nursing subjects in school o Lack of understanding  Language  Never had research/stats courses  Lack of computer literacy o Entrenched nursing practices that are not questioned o Lack of incentive o Resistance from unit managers that view it as a threat to constancy o o Organization support (time to use and conduct research) o Access to research o Anticipated outcomes of research use o Support from others o  What are nursing guidelines to protect and advocate for patients related to ethical issues?