S
Reproduce?
Reproducion is the ability of a living organisms to produce new individuals similar to Chapter Checkli
them. Like other essential life processes (nutrition, respiration, growth and excretion)
reproduction is not essential to maintain life of an individual. It is essential for The Fundamentals of
Reproduction
continuation of life on Earth.
Types of Reproduction
addition of new species. Modes of Asexual
areplacement of dead organisms. Reproduction
*transfer of adaptations and variations from one generation to another. Modes of Sexual
Reproduction
otIhe basic event in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy and an additional cellular
Pparatus by the cell which are involved in this process. Sexual Reproduction in
Flowering Plants
Various organisms use different modes of reproduction depending on their body design. Sexual Reproduction in
Mainly there are two modes of reproduction, i.e. asexual and sexual reproduction. Human Beings
ght. Significance of Sexual
The
undamentals of Reproduction Reproduction
Reproductive Health
he reproducing organisms (parents) procreates new individuals. The individuals so
produced are similar to each other and their parents. This similarity between siblings and
in them. DNA is
etSspring to their parents occurs because of the genes/DNA present
present in the nucleus of a cell in the form of a condensed structure called chromosome.
eproduction is most basic level involves making copies of the blueprints of its body
design of an organism.
With the help of biochemical reactions, cells build-up copies of their DNA during
reproductive phase.
DNA present in nucleus of the cell act as the information source. It helps in making
diferent proreins and cellular machinery of cell, which malkes up the diferent body
designs of an organism.
,Variation fungus and vegetative propagation in
DNA copying is
accompanied by creation of
rose, etc. tlowering plang
an additional
cellular appararus. Afterwards, the cell divides Characteristics of asexual reproduction
producing two new daughter cells. It always causeseffectively
some or
I t isa
rapid mode of multiplication.
are
ocher type of variations in newly formed cell. This brings the Cell division takes place either
differences found in the morphological and amitotically. mitotically or
features of an
organism. Since no biochemicalphysiological
reaction is The new individuals
absolutely reliable, DNA copies generated are similar, but not
produced after cell
always genetically identical or clone to theirdivisions.
absolutely identical. A single parents
The DNA parent is involved, i.e.
copying should be
perfectly accurate in involved. opposite sexes are n
reproduction process. The variations among the individuals I t does not involve
will occur if not so. the fusion of
This
individual. This inbuilt may
be beneficial or fatal for the gametes.
tendency for
reproduction is the basis tor evolution. variations during 2. Sexual Reproduction
This method is common in
Importance of Variation involves male and female multicellular organism
individuals to produce
Organisms occupy well-defined places or niches in generation by fusion of
gametes
ecosystem, using their ability the parents, e.g. in humans, dogs, cats, produced by both
to
reproduce. Those fishes,
Characteristics of sexual reproduction are frogs, etc
which have the same
body design occupies the sameorganisms
niche or
place in the ecosystem. I t is not a
The rapid mode of multiplication.
population tends to wipe out completely if niche Cell division involves meiosis at
suitable for organisms of particular population is drastically
a some
stages, esped
a
during gamete formation.
changed. The new individuals
But, if variations occur in few variation.
produced after cell division ali
populations, there would be chancesindividuals of these
of survival of some Fusion of male
individuals, c.g. in a gamete with the female gamete (ses c
population of bacteria takes place.
temperate water. If the living in
global warming, most oftemperature
increases due to the
the bacteria
variants which are resistant to would die. But, the
heat would survive and
Check Point 01
grow further. 1 Fill in the blank:
Thus, it shows that variations in
for the survival of a
a
population are important .. is the blueprint responsible
***
for making all basic
species. designs.
2 Incorrect DNA copying can alter the
reproduction prooe
Types of Reproduction the effect of such
3 What is the
a case.
There mainly significance of body design
sexual.
are rwo
types of reproduction, i.e. asexual and habitat of an organism?
in determini
4 An
existing population of birds was
suddenly wiped ou
1. Asexual Reproduction an area.
5 How does the
Give suitable reason for the sama.
a
This process is reproduction process can be
basis of germ cells classified
very common in unicellular involved?
said to be the
simplest organisms. It is
type of reproducion, e.g. 6 Give one
advantage of asexual
in Amoeba, budding in Hydra, binary fission mode
7 State True or False for the tollowing
of
reproduction
spore formation in
Rhizopus, Cell division involves
mitosis during
statement
gamete formatio
Reproduce?
Reproducion is the ability of a living organisms to produce new individuals similar to Chapter Checkli
them. Like other essential life processes (nutrition, respiration, growth and excretion)
reproduction is not essential to maintain life of an individual. It is essential for The Fundamentals of
Reproduction
continuation of life on Earth.
Types of Reproduction
addition of new species. Modes of Asexual
areplacement of dead organisms. Reproduction
*transfer of adaptations and variations from one generation to another. Modes of Sexual
Reproduction
otIhe basic event in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy and an additional cellular
Pparatus by the cell which are involved in this process. Sexual Reproduction in
Flowering Plants
Various organisms use different modes of reproduction depending on their body design. Sexual Reproduction in
Mainly there are two modes of reproduction, i.e. asexual and sexual reproduction. Human Beings
ght. Significance of Sexual
The
undamentals of Reproduction Reproduction
Reproductive Health
he reproducing organisms (parents) procreates new individuals. The individuals so
produced are similar to each other and their parents. This similarity between siblings and
in them. DNA is
etSspring to their parents occurs because of the genes/DNA present
present in the nucleus of a cell in the form of a condensed structure called chromosome.
eproduction is most basic level involves making copies of the blueprints of its body
design of an organism.
With the help of biochemical reactions, cells build-up copies of their DNA during
reproductive phase.
DNA present in nucleus of the cell act as the information source. It helps in making
diferent proreins and cellular machinery of cell, which malkes up the diferent body
designs of an organism.
,Variation fungus and vegetative propagation in
DNA copying is
accompanied by creation of
rose, etc. tlowering plang
an additional
cellular appararus. Afterwards, the cell divides Characteristics of asexual reproduction
producing two new daughter cells. It always causeseffectively
some or
I t isa
rapid mode of multiplication.
are
ocher type of variations in newly formed cell. This brings the Cell division takes place either
differences found in the morphological and amitotically. mitotically or
features of an
organism. Since no biochemicalphysiological
reaction is The new individuals
absolutely reliable, DNA copies generated are similar, but not
produced after cell
always genetically identical or clone to theirdivisions.
absolutely identical. A single parents
The DNA parent is involved, i.e.
copying should be
perfectly accurate in involved. opposite sexes are n
reproduction process. The variations among the individuals I t does not involve
will occur if not so. the fusion of
This
individual. This inbuilt may
be beneficial or fatal for the gametes.
tendency for
reproduction is the basis tor evolution. variations during 2. Sexual Reproduction
This method is common in
Importance of Variation involves male and female multicellular organism
individuals to produce
Organisms occupy well-defined places or niches in generation by fusion of
gametes
ecosystem, using their ability the parents, e.g. in humans, dogs, cats, produced by both
to
reproduce. Those fishes,
Characteristics of sexual reproduction are frogs, etc
which have the same
body design occupies the sameorganisms
niche or
place in the ecosystem. I t is not a
The rapid mode of multiplication.
population tends to wipe out completely if niche Cell division involves meiosis at
suitable for organisms of particular population is drastically
a some
stages, esped
a
during gamete formation.
changed. The new individuals
But, if variations occur in few variation.
produced after cell division ali
populations, there would be chancesindividuals of these
of survival of some Fusion of male
individuals, c.g. in a gamete with the female gamete (ses c
population of bacteria takes place.
temperate water. If the living in
global warming, most oftemperature
increases due to the
the bacteria
variants which are resistant to would die. But, the
heat would survive and
Check Point 01
grow further. 1 Fill in the blank:
Thus, it shows that variations in
for the survival of a
a
population are important .. is the blueprint responsible
***
for making all basic
species. designs.
2 Incorrect DNA copying can alter the
reproduction prooe
Types of Reproduction the effect of such
3 What is the
a case.
There mainly significance of body design
sexual.
are rwo
types of reproduction, i.e. asexual and habitat of an organism?
in determini
4 An
existing population of birds was
suddenly wiped ou
1. Asexual Reproduction an area.
5 How does the
Give suitable reason for the sama.
a
This process is reproduction process can be
basis of germ cells classified
very common in unicellular involved?
said to be the
simplest organisms. It is
type of reproducion, e.g. 6 Give one
advantage of asexual
in Amoeba, budding in Hydra, binary fission mode
7 State True or False for the tollowing
of
reproduction
spore formation in
Rhizopus, Cell division involves
mitosis during
statement
gamete formatio
