UWORLD Fundamentals Test Questions With All Correct Answers

UWORLD Fundamentals Test Questions With All Correct Answers AD - CORRECT ANSWER -A progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia (reduced cognitive function) -There is a reduction in cognition -conversations become progressively more difficult and word-finding difficulties occur -the best way for the nurse to obtain information is to use simple sentences in a calm environment Hearing loss patients - CORRECT ANSWER -touching the client before speaking to them -Speak loudly -Stand close to the person Clients with insomnia, you are teaching sleeping techniques: - CORRECT ANSWER -using the bed only for sleep (not reading or watching television), -Avoiding stimulants, exercise before bedtime -keeping the room cool and dark. For a client to sign out AMA - CORRECT ANSWER -Client must be competent and cannot be impaired by drugs or alcohol. -Clients cannot be a danger to themselves (suicidal) or others (homicidal). -An emancipated minor or a health care provider-determined "mature minor" can give consent. --> marriage, membership in the armed forces, living apart from one's parents, financial independence, pregnancy/parenthood, or a court decision. African American Women have incidence of higher diseases - CORRECT ANSWER -Cervical cancer -Hypertension -Ischemic stroke White women have higher incidence of - CORRECT ANSWER -osteoporosis -skin cancer (melanoma) When teaching clients, what principles should the nurse think about - CORRECT ANSWER -Need to know -Readiness to learn -Prior experiences -Motivation to learn -Orientation to learning -Self-concept Assessing ear canal in adults vs kids < or = 3 - CORRECT ANSWER Adults: up and back kids: down and back Complications of total enteral nutrition at the start of treatment are nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These signs and symptoms can usually be alleviated by - CORRECT ANSWER slowing down the rate of administration and then gradually increasing the rate to the established goal. palliative care - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on quality of life and symptom management (eg, pain, dyspnea, fatigue, constipation, nausea, loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping, depression). It can be given concurrently with life-prolonging treatment in the setting of terminal disease. Palliative care is provided by a multidisciplinary care team with a focus on the clients and their families. If a client with a feeding tube develops signs of aspiration pneumonia what to do? - CORRECT ANSWER (stop the feeding and check the placement of the tube) -bronchodilator may be prescribed to treat aspiration pneumonia - s/s: -Diminished or adventitious lung sounds [eg, crackles, wheezing], -Dyspnea -Productive cough Incentive spirometer promotes what and prevents what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Promotes expansion of the lungs -Resolves atelectasis Infiltration (complication that occur when a solution infuses into surrounding tissue) - CORRECT ANSWER Pallor coolness edema Interventions for infiltrated or infected IV therapy - CORRECT ANSWER -Discontinue the IV and start another one on the other extremity -Monitor for additional signs and symptoms of infiltration or swelling -Elevating the affected extremity to decrease swelling -Apply a cold or warm, moist compress based on the solution infiltrated. -AVOID HEAT DURING EXTRAVASATION OF a vesicant (drug capable of causing tissue necrosis) -Notify doctor if severe complications (cellulitis, tissue necrosis, or nerve damage) Extravasation s/s - CORRECT ANSWER -pain -blanching -swelling -redness If extravasation occurs with norepinephrine (vasoconstrictor) - CORRECT ANSWER the nurse should stop the infusion immediately aspirate the drug, remove the IV catheter, elevate the extremity to reduce swelling administer the antidote phentolamine subcutaneously into affected tissues as prescribed.