U.S History Exam Review Questions And Answers Latest

U.S History Exam Review What is the Gilded Age? - It is the lavish lifestyle from . The wealth of the few hid poverty and corruption that was going on in the nation. The ______ made the production of steel more economical. Before this process, it took an entire day to produce _____ tons of steel; afterwards, the same amount of steel could be made in _____. - Bessemer Process; 5; 15 minutes What factors encouraged American economic growth in the decades after the Civil War? - The Bessemer process (steel), electricity; railroads; and population growth all help to create a national market and business corporations. What is the free enterprise system? - It's where individuals are free to produce and sell whatever they wish and are free to buy and use whatever they could afford. What happened to the Native American in all this growth? - The buffalo was destroyed, forced removal from their land to reservations, destruction of tribes. What are the Pros and Cons of big business? - Pros: *Large businesses are more efficient to lower prices. *Can hire large number of workers *Can produce goods in large quantities *They have resources to invent new items Cons: *Unfair advantage over smaller businesses *Sometimes exploit workers *Less concern where they do their business and pollute the area *Unfair influence over government policies affecting them Who is Andrew Carnegie? - He invested in ironworks and built a steel mill in Pittsburgh, selling iron and steel to railroad companies for tracks. He created the Carnegie Steel Corporation in 1892. He brought iron ore fields, coal mines, and ships. He wrote a book called "Gospel of Wealth" that encouraged philanthropy and industrialists. He gave away $350 million to build libraries and universities. Why did immigrants come to the United States? - Military conscription in their homeland, religious persecution, better job opportunities What route did European and Asian immigrants take to get to the United States? - Europeans generally entered through Ellis Island, New York. Asians came through Angle Island, San Francisco. What were the problems created by growing cities? - Lack of public service: schools, sanitarian, police, fire departments, hospitals, and garbage collection Overcrowding Transportation: horse-drawn coaches, electric trolleys Social Tension: Rich lived next to the poor cities. Increased crimes. Who is John D. Rockefeller? - He made his fortune in the oil industry. He formed the Standard Oil Company in 1870. By 1879, he controlled 90% of the oil refining in the United States. He obtained secret, beneficial rates from train companies, giving him an advantage. He helped to found the University of Chicago, Rockefeller Foundation and gave millions to education. What resources did the United States have that gave them an advantage in industrialization? - iron ore, water, copper, coil, and timber The _______________ was founded by Samuel Gompers to try and create powerful union by uniting workers with similar economic interests. - American Federation Labor What were the conditions of labor for industrial workers AND why were labor unions organized? - Long hours, low wages, poor conditions, and boring tasks, child labor, and lack of security To change poor working conditions, wages and secruity What is the Interstate Commerce Act (1887)? - It's a federal law that prohibited unfair practices by railroads, such as charging higher prices for shorter routes. It was the first time Congress stepped in to regulate big business. What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)? - This law was to stop monopolies engaging in unfair practices that prevented fair competition. Why was the workforce large during the Gilded Age? - Large families and floods of immigrants coming to the United States What is the Progressive Movement? - A period in the early 1900's in which progressives wanted to correct the political and economic injustices that resulted from the industrialization of America. What was the Social Gospel Movement? - Protestants ministries called for social reforms that include ending child labor and providing safer working conditions and ban alcohol through the Temperance Movement. What are Muckrakers? - Newspaper and magazine reporters who exposed the abuses of industries and exposed government corruption were called Muckrakers. Describe each of the social reformers: - Jane Addams: started settlement houses in slum neighborhood that provided child care, nursing services, and English lessons to immigrants.