ILTS Content History Exam Questions and answers with complete solution

ILTS Content History Exam Evolutionary Theory - state evolved from the family. Force Theory - government formed when all the people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group. Divine Right Theory - certain people were chosen by a god or gods to rule. Social Contract Theory - people allow themselves to be governed to maintain social order. if the government fails, the people have the right to seek new leaders. Who believed that political science would lead to organized order and then that would lead to stable & just societies? - Aristotle & Plato Who adapted the beliefs of Aristotle to a Christian perspective --> individuals should have certain rights and duties which should determine the type and extent of government (modern constitutionalism)? - Thomas Aquinas Who was a proponent of politics based on power? (considered the founder of modern political science) - Niccolò Machiaveli Who believed that people's lives were solely based on the quest for power and that the government needed to control this urge? (also felt that people could not live harmoniously without a strong and undivided government) - Thomas Hobbes Who opposed Hobbes in his theory that people are born like blank slates? (they are molded by life and experience & do not have innate intuition) He also believed that people should live independent and equal. - John Locke Who heavily influenced the French Revolution? - Montesquieu & Rousseau Who believed in liberalism (government policies and ideas should change to fix existing problems)? - Montesquieu & Rousseau Who sought out the truth in matters instead of believing what he was told - a natural skeptic who thought ideas should not be believed until proof has been observed? - David Hume Who believed the main goal of politics should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number"? - David Hume & Jeremy Bentham Who was a progressive political philosopher who believed in women's suffrage, emancipation, and the development of labor unions and farming cooperatives? - John Stuart Mill Which German philosophers believed in liberalism grounded in socialism with a strong sense of nationalism? - Johann Fichte and Georg Hegel Which amendment said that Congress cannot force individuals to house troops? - 3rd Amendment Which amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizure? - 4th Amendment Which amendment says that no person can be forced to testify against themselves and no person can be tried twice for the same crime? - 5th Amendment Which amendment gives people the right to a criminal trial by jury and the right to legal counsel? - 6th Amendment Which amendment gives people the right to a civil trial by jury? - 7th Amendment Which amendment prohibits excessive bail & cruel and unusual punishment? - 8th Amendment Which amendment prevents rights not explicitly named in the constitution to be taken away just because they are not named? - 9th Amendment Which amendment says that the powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution are reserved to the States (Power to the States)? - 10th Amendment When did the Federalists and the Democratic-Republics form and why / what did they stand for? - late 1700s; they disagreed on how much power should be allotted to the national and state governments When did the Democrats and the Whigs form and why / what did they stand for? - 1830s; many topics of the time focused on national economic issues When did the Democrats and the Republicans form and why / what did they stand for? - before the Civil War and after the collapse of the Whig party; debated topics centering on slavery and economic issues such as taxation Interdependence / Globalism - Foreign policies in world affairs recognizing the widespread effects of issues like economic health What is foreign policy based off of? - a certain set of ideals and national needs Liberalism - a belief that states can cooperate and are based on capability rather than power Institutionalism - institutions provide structure and incentives for cooperation among nations Constructivism - based off of international cooperation like liberalism but also believes that the perceptions countries have of each other affect their relationships