Bio202 Final Exam GCU
1. 3 ways filtration happens at renal corpuscle: 1. fenestrated
endothelium (picky)
2. lamina densa (pickier)
3. filtration slits (pickiest)
2. what is Glomerulonephritis: inflammation of the glomeruli that
affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys
3. low osmolarity: little solute lots of water
4. high osmolarity: lots of solute little bit of water
5. hydrostatic pressure push or pull?: to push
6. colloid osmotic pressure push or pull?: pull
7. what is the GFR: glomerular filtration rate; the amount of filtrate
the kidneys produce each minute
8. what are the 3 levels of GFR control?: 1. auto regulation (local level)
2. autonomic regulation (sympathetic ANS)
3. hormonal regulation (kidneys)
9. what can reduced blood flow trigger?: 1. dilation of afferent arteriole
1/
,2. dilation of glomerular capillaries
3. constriction of efferent arterioles
10. what if there is a rise in renal blood pressure?: 1. stretches walls of
afferent arterioles
2. causes juxtaglomerular cells to contract
3. constricts afferent arterioles
4. decreases glomerular blood flow
11.hormonal regulation of GFR: RAAS and ANP/BNP
12.do protons raise or lower pH?: lower, make it more acidic
13.does bicarbonate raise or lower the pH?: raise, make it more basic
14.in the descending limb fluid flows toward?: renal pelvis
15.in the ascending limb fluid flows toward?: renal cortex
16.what is the countercurrent multiplier?: Loop of Henle
17.4 processes of the DCT: 1. acid/base balance
2. selective reabsorption of Na and Ca
3. maintenance of GFR
4. selective reabsorption of water (ADH)
2/
, 18. 3 of juxtaglomerular apparatus cell types: 1. macula densa
2. juxtaglomerular cells
3. mesangial cells
19. what determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of urine?:
-
ADH
20.3 main organic waste products: 1. Urea-breakdown of amino acids
2. Creatinine-breakdown of creatine phosphate (from cellular
respiration)
3. Uric acid-waste product during recycling of RNA
21.What is urea synthesis?: liver converts ammonia to urea which is
removed from blood by kidneys
22.What is transport maximum?: transport rate at saturation
23.What is the renal threshold?: the plasma concentration at which a
specific compound or ion begins to appear in urine
24.What is glycouria?: glucose in the urine
25.what is aminaciduria?: amino acids in the urine
3/
1. 3 ways filtration happens at renal corpuscle: 1. fenestrated
endothelium (picky)
2. lamina densa (pickier)
3. filtration slits (pickiest)
2. what is Glomerulonephritis: inflammation of the glomeruli that
affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys
3. low osmolarity: little solute lots of water
4. high osmolarity: lots of solute little bit of water
5. hydrostatic pressure push or pull?: to push
6. colloid osmotic pressure push or pull?: pull
7. what is the GFR: glomerular filtration rate; the amount of filtrate
the kidneys produce each minute
8. what are the 3 levels of GFR control?: 1. auto regulation (local level)
2. autonomic regulation (sympathetic ANS)
3. hormonal regulation (kidneys)
9. what can reduced blood flow trigger?: 1. dilation of afferent arteriole
1/
,2. dilation of glomerular capillaries
3. constriction of efferent arterioles
10. what if there is a rise in renal blood pressure?: 1. stretches walls of
afferent arterioles
2. causes juxtaglomerular cells to contract
3. constricts afferent arterioles
4. decreases glomerular blood flow
11.hormonal regulation of GFR: RAAS and ANP/BNP
12.do protons raise or lower pH?: lower, make it more acidic
13.does bicarbonate raise or lower the pH?: raise, make it more basic
14.in the descending limb fluid flows toward?: renal pelvis
15.in the ascending limb fluid flows toward?: renal cortex
16.what is the countercurrent multiplier?: Loop of Henle
17.4 processes of the DCT: 1. acid/base balance
2. selective reabsorption of Na and Ca
3. maintenance of GFR
4. selective reabsorption of water (ADH)
2/
, 18. 3 of juxtaglomerular apparatus cell types: 1. macula densa
2. juxtaglomerular cells
3. mesangial cells
19. what determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of urine?:
-
ADH
20.3 main organic waste products: 1. Urea-breakdown of amino acids
2. Creatinine-breakdown of creatine phosphate (from cellular
respiration)
3. Uric acid-waste product during recycling of RNA
21.What is urea synthesis?: liver converts ammonia to urea which is
removed from blood by kidneys
22.What is transport maximum?: transport rate at saturation
23.What is the renal threshold?: the plasma concentration at which a
specific compound or ion begins to appear in urine
24.What is glycouria?: glucose in the urine
25.what is aminaciduria?: amino acids in the urine
3/
