Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Review Questions With Answers 2023 (Graded A+)

Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Review Questions With Answers 2023 (Graded A+) Why are nitrate-free periods every 24 hours necessary for the patient on nitroglycerin therapy? - ANSWER To inhibit the development of tolerance What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - ANSWER Hyperthroidism What would be the best option to treat a newly diagnosed patient with a low TSH level with? - ANSWER Propanolol (Inderal) Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? - ANSWER Aldosterone antagonist Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? - ANSWER Upregulating the activity of one of the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III What physiologic action happens when the offending drug is administered during an anaphylactic reaction. - ANSWER Mast cells liberate large doses of histamine. What are two systemic psoriasis medications? - ANSWER Photo-therapy and topical corticosteroids What is the first choice of drug therapy for the majority of patients with uncomplicated stage I hypertension? - ANSWER Thiazide diuretics What is the effect of cardiac glycosides? - ANSWER Digitalis glycosides have a negative chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle cells. Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? - ANSWER Medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) What is an anti-hypertensive agent which competes with epinephrine for available beta-receptor sites? - ANSWER Atenolol (Tenormin) What type of action does nitrates have on the body? - ANSWER Reduction in systemic venous tone. What is the recommended level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for patients with known coronary artery disease? - ANSWER 100mg/dl or less. What is the MOA of group IV anti-dysrhythmia drugs? - ANSWER Depressing phase 4 depolarization and lengthening phases 1 and 2 repolarization. Which drug therapy should be used to lower the serum concentration of thyroid hormones and re-establish eumetabolic state in a patient with Graves' disease? - ANSWER Anti-thyroid drugs. Which type of diuretic would be used for a stage I hypertension in a patient with renal insufficiency? - ANSWER Loop diuretic. What drug should be considered as first-line therapy for a client with hypertension and heart failure? - ANSWER Enalapril (Vasotec)