RCIS EXAM 2023 with 100% completely and correctly solved!

Creatinine >1.5 mg/dL Kidney function A chemical waste molecule from muscle metabolism. Produced from creatine the energy in muscles and filtered by kidneys. High levels warn kidney failure BUN 7-22 mg/dL Blood, Urea, Nitrates Kidney function >30 = CHF, shock < 3 = Liver failure Platelet Count 150,00-450,000 /mcL (micro liters) Hep B Most contagious than HC, HA, HIV OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Admin - government department of labor created to assure safe and healthful working conditions for healthcare workers, such as regulations on blood borne pathogens Lactic acid in large amts found in coronary sinus Indicates coronary ischemia CK-MB 3-6 hr peak Creating Kinase-MB Cardiac enzyme marker for MI Myoglobin 1 1-4 hr onset Earliest to show Troponin I 3-12 hr onset of chest pain 24-48 hr peaks Baseline returned 5-14 days LDH 3 days, slowest Leukocytosis -increased number WBC Ca++ Calcium (electrolytes) .8-1.0 mg/L Hypercalcemia causes Abnormal T wave, extremely wide QRS Hypocalcemia causes narrow QRS, no T wave, prominent U Mg++ Magnesium (electrolytes) 1.5-2.5'mEq/L Heart and nervous system Hypermag causes weakness, low BP, dyspnea, cardiac arrest Hypomag causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, muscle spasms, seizures. Cl- Chloride (electrolyte) 95-105 mEq/L Hyperchloremia indicates dehydration, Cushing syndrome, kidney disease, CHF, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Happens when tissues are too basic or alkaline Respiratory acidosis Happens when lungs can't remove enough CO2 carbon dioxide from body AO valve area CO (L/min) / square root (peak - peak gradient mmHg) CO / sq root (LV SYS / AO SYS Peak - Peak gradient = LV sys / AO systole Peak - Peak Gradient LV systole - AO systole AO Flow CO/(SEP x HR) Na+ Sodium 135-145 Helps keep fluids in normal balance, key roll in normal nerves and muscle function Hyponatremia causes confusion, sluggish, could be heart failure, kidney failure, use of diuretics Hypernatremia involves dehydration, thirsty, confused, muscle twitches HGB 12-15 g/dL women 14-18 g/dL men Hemoglobin protein in rbc carries oxygen to body Low =anemia High uncommon