RCES Actual Exam Questions with Complete Solutions

RCES Actual Exam Questions with Complete Solutions What ionic flows occur across the cardiac muscle cell membrane during the plateau (phase 2) of the action potential? - ANSWER Ca++ enters, K+ exits What is the response of cardiac tissues paced during the relative refractory period (RRP)? Compa red to fully depolarized cells, stimulation in the RRP ______ - ANSWER require higher mA but creates a weaker contraction What is required to sustain a reentry circuit? - ANSWER - two parallel pathways connected proximally and distal ly - one pathway conducts slower than the other -one pathway has a longer refractory period Overdrive suppression - ANSWER The pause after rapid atrial pacing ceases (The pause induced in an automatic focus by a temporarily overdriving pacema ker The "triggered" mechanism may cause... - ANSWER an arrhythmia What mechanism causes triggered arrhythmias? - ANSWER After depolarization Triggered arrhythmias are often associated with... - ANSWER digitalis toxicity or elevated inter ventricular Ca++ levels Which arrhythmia most closely resembles an "itch of the heart" in acutely ill patients? - ANSWER Automatic arrhythmias What information does the "stem" channel contain? - ANSWER A pacing output What french size is a catheter with an outer diameter of 2.66 mm? - ANSWER 8 French The outside diameter of a 5.5 fr catheter is... - ANSWER 1.83 mm Closely spaced bipolar cardiac electrodes record local... - ANSWER depolarization only (phase 0) Surface ECG leads are usually filtered at - ANSWER 0.1 to 100 Hz Normal EGM filter settings for bipolar EP catheters are... - ANSWE R 30 -300 Hz If large T waves in an electro gram interfere with A or V wave recognition you should... - ANSWER raise the high -pass filter A porous tip steroid -emitting tip on a pacemaker lead is beneficial because they reduce the acu te... - ANSWER -Stimulation threshold -inflammation reaction Compared to the permanent pacemaker, the temporary pacer has... - ANSWER constant current and generated up to 20 volts When connecting a bipolar pacing lead to the PSA or pulse generator, the distal electrode should be connected to the ________ terminal. - ANSWER black active negative terminal During typical AFL ablation it is best to use_______ RF catheters to prevent _______ - ANSWER - cooled, - pulmonary embolism The most anterior heart valve is the - ANSWER pulmonary valve The CS os is located - ANSWER posterior to the tricuspid valve the fossa oval is located - ANSWER superior to the CS os the crista terminalis is located - ANSWER anterior to the IVC The atrial appendage is located - ANSWER superior to the fossa ovalis The posterior border of the triangle of koch is the - ANSWER CS os the superior boarder of the triangle of koch is the _______ and normally contains the ________ - ANSWER -tendon of todaro -Fast AV node pathway the triangle of koch is defined by the following structures within the right atrium... - ANSWER - the osmium o f the coronary sinus (posteriorly) -the anterior portion of the tricuspid valve annulus