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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 2 - DNA

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Biologie voor Jou, 5VWO, Hoofdstuk 2 DNA !Let op! Deze samenvatting is ook aanwezig in mijn Biologie voor jou vwo bundel.

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Samenvatting Bio

Hoofdstuk 2- DNA
2.1 Wat kun je doen met DNA? p 72

Genetische modificatie: eigenschappen van organismen veranderen door genen van een
organisme van een ander te brengen

Transgeen, ggo (genetisch gemodificeerd organisme), gmo (genetically modified organism):
een organisme met gemodificeerde genen/ veranderd DNA

2.2 De bouw en functie van DNA p 76

Genoom: geheel aan erfelijke informatie in een cel van een organisme

mtDNA: DNA in mitochondriën

Prokaryoten: DNA los in cytoplasma, circulair, soms nog plasmiden (korte extra stukjes
circulair DNA)

- DNA = nucleïnezuur
o Bestaat uit 2 complementaire nucleotiden in helix-structuur die elk zijn
opgebouwd uit:
 Monosacharide desoxyribose
 Bestaat uit 5 C-atomen
 Fosfaatgroep
 Zit aan 5e C-atoom
 Stikstofbase, zit aan 1e C-atoom
 Adenine (A)
 Thymine (T)
 Cytosine (C)
 Guanine (G)

Nucleosoom: een aantal histonen (eiwitten) met een DNA-keten eromheen gewikkeld

Niet-coderend DNA:

- Codeert niet voor eiwitten
- Junk-DNA
- Functie bij regulatie synthese eiwitten
- 98,5% van DNA

DNA-sequentie: nucleotidevolgorde

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