This course is mainly for the undergraduate students and this course is useful for the students
who are preparing for their gate exams. This course can be a prerequisite course to CCNE
international certification course. Each layer is addressed separately as a separate chapter and
it is dealt with in a very detailed manner. Security is very important not only in real life even for
computer networks too and the last phase of the computer network will cover the need for
security and how security is provided in computer networks. A computer network is a set of
nodes connected by communication links. A computer is a node because a computer can send
data as well as receive data. A node can be a computer printer or any other device capable of
sending or receiving data. Many devices like switches, bridges and routers are also called
nodes. A computer network is mainly used for research and resource sharing. Say there are lots
of nodes involved in this internet cloud. The Internet contains lots of intermediary devices.
These are all intermediary devices and these role end devices. Why do we call this as in device
because this will be either the starting point of the communication or the end point in the
communication say for example if this computer wants to access www.eso.org.
Basic Characteristics of Computer Network
In this session, we will discuss the four basic characteristics that every computer network should
possess. These characteristics include:
● Fault tolerance
● Scalability
● Quality of service
● Security
Let's take a closer look at each of these characteristics:
Fault Tolerance
Fault tolerance is the ability of a computer network to continue working despite failures and
ensuring that there is no loss of service. For example, if there is a problem within the network, it
should still work even after the failure.
One example of fault tolerance is when a router fails, and instead of forwarding data through the
failed route, it forwards it to another route to ensure that communication between two entities is
not affected.
Scalability
Scalability is the ability of a computer network to grow based on its needs and have good
performance even after growth. The best example of a scalable network is the internet, which
handles new devices connecting and communicating with each other efficiently.
Quality of Service
Quality of Service is the ability of a network to set priorities and manage data traffic to reduce
data loss and delays. For example, if a router receives two packets at the same time, it should
, prioritize which data to process first. This is especially important in real-time communication,
where delays are not accepted.
Security
Security is the ability of a computer network to prevent unauthorized access, misuse, or forgery.
It should also provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Attackers can steal
confidential information, involve in forgery, and deface web servers, making security an
essential characteristic for a computer network.
By understanding these basic characteristics, we can ensure that our computer networks are
efficient, secure, and reliable.
Network Protocols & Communications (Part 1)
Data communication is the exchange of data between two nodes. Data flow means the data is
going to flow from one node to another node. There are three different data flows: simplex half-
duplex full duplex or simply duplex. The data or the communication is always unidirectional
coming to the half duplex communication is in both directions. Protocol is rules that govern all
the methods of communication. Protocol determines what is communicated in the network and
how it is communicated. Communication can be effective only when this communication
involves common language and grammar otherwise communication will not be perfect. Speed
and timing of delivery of speech is also very important in network communication. A protocol
defines message encoding message format and encapsulation message timing message size
and the delivery that is what we exactly call as elements the elements of protocol are message
encoding. The source that is the source computer generates a message it gives that message
to the encoder in order to generate signals once the data is converted into signals now it is
given to the transmitter for transmission. After proper decoding it means the message has
reached the destination.
Network Protocols & Communications (Part 2)
In part two of the computer networks course we will deal more on protocols and the importance
of protocol in computer networks. We will also understand what is peer-to-peer network and
client-server network we will now have a small recap show on protocol whatever the
communication pattern is if we want effective and good communication this can not happen
without protocols. The source information and the destination information are added to the data
which is going to be sent do n't worry about this IP address now we have a separate lecture on
IP address for time being. The next element of the protocol is message size, message size and
message timing. The numbering scheme is when we break the big box into small pieces we will
put numbers on every small box so that the destination can reassemble it in the right way at the
same time this numbering will also help to identify if any packets or pieces are missing. This
numbering scheme helps us to identify the missing packets after receiving all the smaller
packets.
Components of a Computer Network
who are preparing for their gate exams. This course can be a prerequisite course to CCNE
international certification course. Each layer is addressed separately as a separate chapter and
it is dealt with in a very detailed manner. Security is very important not only in real life even for
computer networks too and the last phase of the computer network will cover the need for
security and how security is provided in computer networks. A computer network is a set of
nodes connected by communication links. A computer is a node because a computer can send
data as well as receive data. A node can be a computer printer or any other device capable of
sending or receiving data. Many devices like switches, bridges and routers are also called
nodes. A computer network is mainly used for research and resource sharing. Say there are lots
of nodes involved in this internet cloud. The Internet contains lots of intermediary devices.
These are all intermediary devices and these role end devices. Why do we call this as in device
because this will be either the starting point of the communication or the end point in the
communication say for example if this computer wants to access www.eso.org.
Basic Characteristics of Computer Network
In this session, we will discuss the four basic characteristics that every computer network should
possess. These characteristics include:
● Fault tolerance
● Scalability
● Quality of service
● Security
Let's take a closer look at each of these characteristics:
Fault Tolerance
Fault tolerance is the ability of a computer network to continue working despite failures and
ensuring that there is no loss of service. For example, if there is a problem within the network, it
should still work even after the failure.
One example of fault tolerance is when a router fails, and instead of forwarding data through the
failed route, it forwards it to another route to ensure that communication between two entities is
not affected.
Scalability
Scalability is the ability of a computer network to grow based on its needs and have good
performance even after growth. The best example of a scalable network is the internet, which
handles new devices connecting and communicating with each other efficiently.
Quality of Service
Quality of Service is the ability of a network to set priorities and manage data traffic to reduce
data loss and delays. For example, if a router receives two packets at the same time, it should
, prioritize which data to process first. This is especially important in real-time communication,
where delays are not accepted.
Security
Security is the ability of a computer network to prevent unauthorized access, misuse, or forgery.
It should also provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Attackers can steal
confidential information, involve in forgery, and deface web servers, making security an
essential characteristic for a computer network.
By understanding these basic characteristics, we can ensure that our computer networks are
efficient, secure, and reliable.
Network Protocols & Communications (Part 1)
Data communication is the exchange of data between two nodes. Data flow means the data is
going to flow from one node to another node. There are three different data flows: simplex half-
duplex full duplex or simply duplex. The data or the communication is always unidirectional
coming to the half duplex communication is in both directions. Protocol is rules that govern all
the methods of communication. Protocol determines what is communicated in the network and
how it is communicated. Communication can be effective only when this communication
involves common language and grammar otherwise communication will not be perfect. Speed
and timing of delivery of speech is also very important in network communication. A protocol
defines message encoding message format and encapsulation message timing message size
and the delivery that is what we exactly call as elements the elements of protocol are message
encoding. The source that is the source computer generates a message it gives that message
to the encoder in order to generate signals once the data is converted into signals now it is
given to the transmitter for transmission. After proper decoding it means the message has
reached the destination.
Network Protocols & Communications (Part 2)
In part two of the computer networks course we will deal more on protocols and the importance
of protocol in computer networks. We will also understand what is peer-to-peer network and
client-server network we will now have a small recap show on protocol whatever the
communication pattern is if we want effective and good communication this can not happen
without protocols. The source information and the destination information are added to the data
which is going to be sent do n't worry about this IP address now we have a separate lecture on
IP address for time being. The next element of the protocol is message size, message size and
message timing. The numbering scheme is when we break the big box into small pieces we will
put numbers on every small box so that the destination can reassemble it in the right way at the
same time this numbering will also help to identify if any packets or pieces are missing. This
numbering scheme helps us to identify the missing packets after receiving all the smaller
packets.
Components of a Computer Network
