SUMMARIES
LO
#MATRIC
Please refrain from copying these notes and distributing them to peers–
this is a source of money for myself and these notes required a great deal
of effort. Thanking you in advance for your cooperation.
ALL THE BEST FOR MATRIC.
God Bless.
1
, CHAPTER 1: DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF IN SOCIETY
UNIT 1: LIFE SKILLS REQUIRED TO ADAPT TO CHANGE AS PART OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: IDENTIFY
STRESSES, ASSESS AND MANAGE STRESS
Identity stressors
Change: to transform or become different.
Quality of life: your level of personal well-being and satisfaction with your life, what the conditions of your life are.
Stress: pressure, nervous, tension and anxiety, constant worry, strain.
Anxiety: worry, nervousness or unease.
Stressors: things that cause stress or pressure.
Personality: qualities, actions, behaviour and attitude that make a person unique.
Stress is a reaction caused by ongoing, increasing or new pressures or demands. When the pressures are more than
your coping skills, you may feel overcome by:
- Constant nervous tension or anxiety
- Too much to do
- Too many problems to solve
- Too many things happening over which you think you have no control
Physical stressors Emotional stressors
- Lack of physical exercise - Feelings
- Physical or sexual abuse Constant worry
- Illness Nervousness
- Injury Anxiety
- Hunger Jealousy
- Accidents Anger
- Overtiredness Disappointment
- Physical disabilities Rejection
- Unhealthy lifestyle choices Hate
- Thoughts
Environmental stressors - Reactions to life crises and change
- Pollution Unplanned pregnancy
Air pollution (traffic) Death of a parent or family member
Water pollution (waste from factories) Failing
- Natural disasters Divorce of parents
Fire, floods & droughts Job loss
- Dangerous environments where violence is part - Personality
of life - Image of yourself
- Harmful living conditions that lack basic facilities - Change
such as water, electricity and proper shelter moving
- Lack of private space at home starting a new job
- Noise pollution marriage
- Physical factors (lack of fresh air, sunlight and transition from school to adult life
privacy)
Social stressors
Family & society Friends and peers
divorce or death in the family - peer pressure
family responsibilities - breaking up a friendship or relationship
family pressure to succeed - loneliness
arguments with family members - unpopularity
trouble with the law - being unsure of others
poverty, financial difficulties, debt - teasing and name calling
stigma - bullying
gender discrimination - pressure to join a gang or to party
2
, fear of crime - Pressure to smoke, drink, use drugs, and
wear expensive clothes.
Assess your levels of stress
Signs of stress: a measurable indication of stress.
Symptoms of stress: feelings that indicate stress.
Adrenaline: a chemical messenger called a hormone that is released into the blood system in reaction to stress; it
increases the heart rate and blood pressure.
Eustress: positive, good and necessary stress.
Distress: negative, harmful bad stress.
The signs and symptoms of stress
- Signs are physical and can be seen or measured.
- Symptoms of stress are problems that are noticed or felt.
- Stress is a personal experience.
- Signs include:
Diarrhoea/ upset stomach
Rapid heartbeat
Bleeding ulcers
Sweating too much
Positive and negative stress
- Stress can motivate and make you ready for action as it releases adrenaline into the blood stream to give
you the energy to take action.
- Positive stress motivates you, encourages you and makes you push yourself.
- Negative stress is unhealthy, unpleasant and can be dangerous- can reduce your performance level.
Levels of stress
- Low level of stress: you are able to cope with the stress in your life.
- High level of stress: you urgently need to apply stress management methods to reduce your stress or get rid
of it.
Stress Management
Coping mechanism: ways to handle or deal with stress.
Management techniques: ways to deal with or manage and prevent stress.
Develop & implement your own strategy
Identify stressors & assess Follow a balanced lifestyle. Make time for physical
stress levels. Deal with your emotions. exercise, recreation &
Balanced nutrition. Time management. relaxation.
Laughter. Apply exam stress reducers. Visualise & turn hurtful
Embrace the challenges of emotions into healing
Grade 12. emotions.
Good relationships.
3
, UNIT 2: LIFE SKILLS REQUIRED TO ADAPT TO CHANGE AS PART OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: CONFLICT
RESOLUTION SKILLS
Interpersonal and intrapersonal conflict
Conflict: disagreement, argument, fight.
Resolution: solution, agreement.
Interpersonal: existing or occurring between persons.
Intrapersonal: existing or occurring within yourself.
Interpersonal conflict: a disagreement between two or more people.
Intrapersonal conflict: when you think about something, wrestle with it and have inner conflict.
Conflict resolution skills
1. Map the conflict to resolve intra- and interpersonal conflicts.
2. Use ‘I’ sentences to resolve interpersonal conflicts. (I feel; When; Because; And I would like...)
3. Apply assertive skills to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
4. Use listening and rephrasing skills to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
5. Apply self-control skills to prevent and resolve intra- and interpersonal conflicts.
6. Apply negotiation and mediation skills to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
Assertive: being able to say what you want in a logical and polite way.
Negotiate: to talk through a conflict and to reach an agreement; trading with words.
Mediate: to keep peace between people who are in a conflict situation.
UNIT 3: LIFE SKILLS REQUIRED TO ADAPT TO CHANGE AS PART OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: INITIATE, BUILD &
SUSTAIN POITIVE RELATIONSHIPS & IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Initiate, build and sustain positive relationships: importance of communication
Sustain: keep going, maintain, continue.
Initiate: start, begin.
Empathy: understand another person’s feelings.
Communication is about understanding others and communicating feelings, beliefs and attitudes- these are vital
skills. Maintain contact with your family and friends regardless of the different directions that you choose.
1. Initiate relationships
- Remember people’s names
- Be willing to share information about yourself
- Use humour
2. Build and sustain relationships: communicate that you understand others by showing empathy
- This allows you to relate to what people are saying, feeling and going through.
3. Build and sustain relationships: show that you understand others by applying your listening skills.
- Hear what is being said.
- Listen
- Make sure you understand
- Summarise what is said
4. Build and sustain relationships: communicate your feelings, beliefs and attitudes.
- Your feelings, beliefs and attitude are all part of who you are.
4
LO
#MATRIC
Please refrain from copying these notes and distributing them to peers–
this is a source of money for myself and these notes required a great deal
of effort. Thanking you in advance for your cooperation.
ALL THE BEST FOR MATRIC.
God Bless.
1
, CHAPTER 1: DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF IN SOCIETY
UNIT 1: LIFE SKILLS REQUIRED TO ADAPT TO CHANGE AS PART OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: IDENTIFY
STRESSES, ASSESS AND MANAGE STRESS
Identity stressors
Change: to transform or become different.
Quality of life: your level of personal well-being and satisfaction with your life, what the conditions of your life are.
Stress: pressure, nervous, tension and anxiety, constant worry, strain.
Anxiety: worry, nervousness or unease.
Stressors: things that cause stress or pressure.
Personality: qualities, actions, behaviour and attitude that make a person unique.
Stress is a reaction caused by ongoing, increasing or new pressures or demands. When the pressures are more than
your coping skills, you may feel overcome by:
- Constant nervous tension or anxiety
- Too much to do
- Too many problems to solve
- Too many things happening over which you think you have no control
Physical stressors Emotional stressors
- Lack of physical exercise - Feelings
- Physical or sexual abuse Constant worry
- Illness Nervousness
- Injury Anxiety
- Hunger Jealousy
- Accidents Anger
- Overtiredness Disappointment
- Physical disabilities Rejection
- Unhealthy lifestyle choices Hate
- Thoughts
Environmental stressors - Reactions to life crises and change
- Pollution Unplanned pregnancy
Air pollution (traffic) Death of a parent or family member
Water pollution (waste from factories) Failing
- Natural disasters Divorce of parents
Fire, floods & droughts Job loss
- Dangerous environments where violence is part - Personality
of life - Image of yourself
- Harmful living conditions that lack basic facilities - Change
such as water, electricity and proper shelter moving
- Lack of private space at home starting a new job
- Noise pollution marriage
- Physical factors (lack of fresh air, sunlight and transition from school to adult life
privacy)
Social stressors
Family & society Friends and peers
divorce or death in the family - peer pressure
family responsibilities - breaking up a friendship or relationship
family pressure to succeed - loneliness
arguments with family members - unpopularity
trouble with the law - being unsure of others
poverty, financial difficulties, debt - teasing and name calling
stigma - bullying
gender discrimination - pressure to join a gang or to party
2
, fear of crime - Pressure to smoke, drink, use drugs, and
wear expensive clothes.
Assess your levels of stress
Signs of stress: a measurable indication of stress.
Symptoms of stress: feelings that indicate stress.
Adrenaline: a chemical messenger called a hormone that is released into the blood system in reaction to stress; it
increases the heart rate and blood pressure.
Eustress: positive, good and necessary stress.
Distress: negative, harmful bad stress.
The signs and symptoms of stress
- Signs are physical and can be seen or measured.
- Symptoms of stress are problems that are noticed or felt.
- Stress is a personal experience.
- Signs include:
Diarrhoea/ upset stomach
Rapid heartbeat
Bleeding ulcers
Sweating too much
Positive and negative stress
- Stress can motivate and make you ready for action as it releases adrenaline into the blood stream to give
you the energy to take action.
- Positive stress motivates you, encourages you and makes you push yourself.
- Negative stress is unhealthy, unpleasant and can be dangerous- can reduce your performance level.
Levels of stress
- Low level of stress: you are able to cope with the stress in your life.
- High level of stress: you urgently need to apply stress management methods to reduce your stress or get rid
of it.
Stress Management
Coping mechanism: ways to handle or deal with stress.
Management techniques: ways to deal with or manage and prevent stress.
Develop & implement your own strategy
Identify stressors & assess Follow a balanced lifestyle. Make time for physical
stress levels. Deal with your emotions. exercise, recreation &
Balanced nutrition. Time management. relaxation.
Laughter. Apply exam stress reducers. Visualise & turn hurtful
Embrace the challenges of emotions into healing
Grade 12. emotions.
Good relationships.
3
, UNIT 2: LIFE SKILLS REQUIRED TO ADAPT TO CHANGE AS PART OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: CONFLICT
RESOLUTION SKILLS
Interpersonal and intrapersonal conflict
Conflict: disagreement, argument, fight.
Resolution: solution, agreement.
Interpersonal: existing or occurring between persons.
Intrapersonal: existing or occurring within yourself.
Interpersonal conflict: a disagreement between two or more people.
Intrapersonal conflict: when you think about something, wrestle with it and have inner conflict.
Conflict resolution skills
1. Map the conflict to resolve intra- and interpersonal conflicts.
2. Use ‘I’ sentences to resolve interpersonal conflicts. (I feel; When; Because; And I would like...)
3. Apply assertive skills to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
4. Use listening and rephrasing skills to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
5. Apply self-control skills to prevent and resolve intra- and interpersonal conflicts.
6. Apply negotiation and mediation skills to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
Assertive: being able to say what you want in a logical and polite way.
Negotiate: to talk through a conflict and to reach an agreement; trading with words.
Mediate: to keep peace between people who are in a conflict situation.
UNIT 3: LIFE SKILLS REQUIRED TO ADAPT TO CHANGE AS PART OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES: INITIATE, BUILD &
SUSTAIN POITIVE RELATIONSHIPS & IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
Initiate, build and sustain positive relationships: importance of communication
Sustain: keep going, maintain, continue.
Initiate: start, begin.
Empathy: understand another person’s feelings.
Communication is about understanding others and communicating feelings, beliefs and attitudes- these are vital
skills. Maintain contact with your family and friends regardless of the different directions that you choose.
1. Initiate relationships
- Remember people’s names
- Be willing to share information about yourself
- Use humour
2. Build and sustain relationships: communicate that you understand others by showing empathy
- This allows you to relate to what people are saying, feeling and going through.
3. Build and sustain relationships: show that you understand others by applying your listening skills.
- Hear what is being said.
- Listen
- Make sure you understand
- Summarise what is said
4. Build and sustain relationships: communicate your feelings, beliefs and attitudes.
- Your feelings, beliefs and attitude are all part of who you are.
4
