OPOTA Exam Prep Questions with Correct Answers A+ Latest Graded A+

OPOTA Exam Prep Questions with Correct Answers A+ Latest Graded A+. Types of Racism - Answer individual, interpersonal, institutional, structural Individual Racism - Answer internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices based on race Interpersonal Racism - Answer occurs between individuals, public expressions of racial prejudice and hate institutional racism - Answer discriminatory policies and treatment by institutions Structural Racism - Answer Collective way of history, culture, power inequality, unequal access to opportunities Components of bias - Answer stereotypes, prejudice, attitude Stereotypes - Answer generalizations about the perceived typical characteristics of a social category Prejudice - Answer a often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age Attitude - Answer positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups Bias-based profiling - Answer -Racial/illegal profiling -unequal treatment by officers by stopping, questioning, searching, detaining on basis of their ethnicity Criminal profiling - Answer Based on observed behaviors and characteristics Two types of Bias - Answer explicit and implicit Explicit Bias - Answer conscious preference for a social category Implicit bias - Answer preference for a social category based on stereotypes that we hold and tend to develop in early life Two modes of thinking - Answer automatic (system 1) deliberative (system 2) System 1 thinking - Answer automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast System 2 thinking - Answer Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower practical purpose - Answer simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to systematically think about each step protection mechanism - Answer we evaluate everything we see to determine if threatening or not strategies to counter implicit biases - Answer -Guarding against influence in decision making -awareness -know when you're susceptible ( in complete info, cognitive load, fatigue) -slow down thinking -empathetic -effort (intention, attention, time) Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice - Answer person based approach community based model person based approach - Answer emphasizes the importance of face to face interactions between officer and a citizen Community based model - Answer ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy through entire society community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice - Answer every encounter is either a deposit or withdrawal (increase or decrease public perception of police) four core principles of procedural justice - Answer giving others a voice, neutrality in decision making, respectful treatment, trustworthiness explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of officers - Answer -owed to your community, citizens, profession, agency, family, yourself -treat everyone professionally -never allow cynicism, excessive force, perjury and accept gratuities External Influences on behavior - Answer relationships with family and friends, citizens, media, regulations, politics, subculture Internal influences on behavior - Answer officer's own ethical and moral beliefs, anger, greed, lust Denial of victim - Answer argue that violated party deserves to be victimized Denial of responsibility - Answer acted improperly because no other options Denial of injury - Answer argue that action did not hurt anyone so no ethical misconduct Social Weighting - Answer makes comparisons to justify unethical misconduct moral justification - Answer argues that it's necessary to break rules for the greater good Continuum of Compromise - Answer -being exposed on a regular basis to "special authority" and at the same time being exposed on a daily basis to that element of society that operates without values, combines to severely challenge an officer's core values system - can lead to a sense of entitlement where officers believe they are owed professional courtesy and that the rules don't apply to them acts of omission - Answer officer rationalize and justify not doing things they are responsible Acts of commission - Answer administrative violations acts of commission - Answer -criminal