NC Health science 1 exam review Questions With Correct Solutions

A small child was being chased by a large dog. Out of fear, the child ran really fast. Which hormone/gland enabled the child to get away from the dog? -ANSWER Adrenal A teenage girl that has undeveloped breasts and has not started her menstrual cycle indicates that a hormone deficiency exists. What hormone is deficient? -ANSWER Estrogen In an emergency situation, the "fight or flight" hormone will increase the heart rate and blood pressure. This hormone is: -ANSWER Adrenalin The endocrine disorder that could be prevented by using iodized salt is: -ANSWER Hypothyroidism Jack complained to his doctor about nervousness and weight loss even though he has had increased food intake. Laboratory tests revelaed that Jack had an elevated level of which hormone? -ANSWER Thyroxin The pituitary gland is located: -ANSWER At the base of the brain Hormone release provides immediate body responses because the hormones are directed toward: -ANSWER Target organ cells Terri has an excessive appetite but has trouble gaining weight. She also has exophthalmos. What disorder might she have? -ANSWER Hyperthyroidism Which gland is butterfly-shaped and located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx? -ANSWER Thyroid Which gland is divided into anterior and posterior lobes? -ANSWER Pituitary The endocrinologist saw a ptient whose parents were concerned about their 8 year old child's short stature. The physician suspects that the child may have a deficiency in: -ANSWER Growth hormone Which gland is posterior to the sternum? -ANSWER Thymus The obstetrician instructs a new mother about the changes in her body. He/she explains that her breast milk production is the result of: Selected: -ANSWER Prolactin On Jeffery's way to work he witnessed a traffic accident. His heart rate increased and his mental alertness improved as he assisted the victims. Jeffery's response resulted from the release of: -ANSWER Epinephrine The adrenal glands are located directly above the kidneys and are: -ANSWER Divided into the cortex and medulla Elsa has the appearance of a tan even during the winter months. During a physical exam, she had a low blood pressure and low blood sugar. These symptoms are indicative of: -ANSWER Addison's disease The patient had two of his parathyroid glands surgically removed. This procedure can lead to a condition characterized by muscle twitching and lead to seizures. The condition that the patient must be aware of is: -ANSWER Tetany An organ that produces a secretion called hormones is called a: -ANSWER Gland A 47 year old man went to see his doctor. When reviewing family pictures, the patient's wife noted that her husband had developed enlarged hands, lips and nose, and that his chin protrudes more than it used to. Following some laboratory studies, the doctor diagnosed the patient with: -ANSWER Acromegaly A 19 year old male that has not begun to develop chest hair, a deep voice, or increased muscle mass may be deficient in which hormone? -ANSWER Testosterone The pancreas is also an organ of the: -ANSWER Digestive system Liver damage, heart disease, testicular changes, and breast growth in males are symptoms of -ANSWER Steroid abuse Anna began to have contractions of the uterus in preparation for childbirth. What is the name of the hormone that initiated her contractions? -ANSWER Oxytocin Which endocrine gland contains the Islets of Langerhans? -ANSWER Pancreas Janie has hyperglycemia and is being treated with insulin. Which of Janie's endocrine glands is functioning inefficiently? -ANSWER Pancreas Jessica is experiencing hematuria. Which process of urine formation has been ineffective? -ANSWER Filtration The functional unit of the kidney is the: -ANSWER Nephron The Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, and the Loop of Henle are all parts of a: -ANSWER Nephron The patient in chronic renal failure is treated with hemodialysis. What renal function does hemodialysis replace? -ANSWER Filtration The patient sustained an electric shock when he accidentally touched live wires while cleaning up the yard following a severe storm. The shock affected his urinary function and resulted in oliguria and uremia. How will the patient's symptoms be treated if he develops anuria? -ANSWER Hemodialysis Dehydration has a direct effect on urine formation. The proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for correcting the water imbalance found with dehydration. What is this process called? -ANSWER Reabsorption The student presented at her doctor's office with complaints of dysuria, urinary frequency and lower abdominal discomfort. Upon examination, the doctor discovered that the student's hygiene was inadequate. Which organism MOST LIKELY caused the student's symptoms? -ANSWER E-coli Which structure is a hollow muscular sac? -ANSWER Bladder Jeremy is on the cross country team at school. He notices that after practice his urine is dark amber colored and he is voiding very small amounts. Jeremy has: -ANSWER Dehydration Dialysis involves the use of a device that rids the blood of harmful wastes by passing the blood through: -ANSWER A semipermeable membrane Urine leaves the kidney by way of: -ANSWER Ureter Mr. Burns had a stroke and has been urinating involuntarily. What is this condition called? -ANSWER Incontinence If kidney stones get too large, they can cause severe flank pain and hydronephrosis because they block the: -ANSWER Ureter Jack takes his blood pressure medicine every morning. After taking his medicine, he experiences urinary frequency. What type of blood pressure medicine is Jack taking? -ANSWER Diuretic The medical term for excessive urination is: -ANSWER Polyuria Mr. Gavin has had polyuria for several weeks. When he went to the doctor, his urinalysis was normal. Further studies revealed that Mr. Gavin had a disorder that affected the release of ADH. Which function of the urinary system was affected? -ANSWER Reabsorption Excessive substances in urinary filtrate, such as sodium and potassium, lead to their elimination. Which process of elimination is this urinary system function? -ANSWER Secretion The integumentary system is the body's first line of defense against harmful substances. This is an example of which function of the integumentary system? -ANSWER Protection The nerves, blood vessels, and glands are located in which layer of the skin? -ANSWER Dermis The evaporation of perspiration enables which function of the integumentary system? -ANSWER Regulation of body temperature The hair follicle originates in which layer of skin? -ANSWER Dermis layer Skin conditions caused by contact with allergens, frequent handwashing, or exposure to chemicals are classified as: -ANSWER Dermatitis Using a nitroglycerine patch to treat heart disease is an example of which function of the integumentary system? -ANSWER Absorption Sebaceous glands produce an increased amount of sebum during adolescence leading to which integumentary system disorder? -ANSWER Acne Which disorder can be prevented by not sharing towels and wearing shower shoes in the locker room? -ANSWER Athlete's foot Receptors for touch, cold, and pain present in the skin are responsible for which function of the integumentary system? -ANSWER Sensory perception The skin disease that is also classified as a sexually transmitted infection is: -ANSWER Herpes simplex The outer layer of hair is the: -ANSWER Cortex On the first sunny day, Jessica went to the lake and forgot to take her sunscreen. She returned home with redness but no blisters. She has a: -ANSWER First degree burn The matrix is the nail: -ANSWER Bed Courtney works in the kitchen at her dad's restaurant. She is preparing fries and drops the hot oil on her arm. Immediately a blister forms. She has a: -ANSWER Second degree burn Which fungal disorder can be prevented by practicing good personal hygiene? -ANSWER Athlete's foot The innermost layer of the skin is the: -ANSWER Subcutaneous Melissa's skin lesion has irregular borders, multiple colors, and is increasing in size. She visited a tanning bed frequently in the past. She should be evaluated for: -ANSWER Melanoma A viral lesion that can recur after removal is a: -ANSWER Wart The structure that is an appendage of the skin is: -ANSWER Hair The membrane covering of the brain is known as the: -ANSWER Meninges The nerve cell is a (an) -ANSWER Neuron The brain and the spinal cord are part of the: -ANSWER Central nervous system The part of the brain located below the cerebrum is the: -ANSWER Cerebellum Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are part of the: -ANSWER Peripheral nervous system A patient sustains a fall while getting out of the shower. Tests reveal damage to the inner most meningeal layer. What structure was damaged? -ANSWER Pia Mater David is experiencing symptoms that include an inability to move and respiratory distress. His doctor is concerned which disorder? -ANSWER Spinal Cord injury Sue is experiencing tachycardia, and dry mouth following an accident where she sustained an injury. After a few hours, Sue's symptoms disappeared. Which nervous system structures were likely activated? -ANSWER Autonomic nervous system The lobe of the brain where voluntary muscle movement is coordinated is known as the: -ANSWER Frontal Melissa fell off a horse and was paralyzed as a result of significant injury to her spinal cord. Which nervous system was damaged? -ANSWER Central Anna is recovering from a fight with Arianne. Anna's breathing is slowing down, her pulse is slowing, and she is fatigued. What part of the nervous system is responsible for these changes? -ANSWER parasympathetic A viral disorder that leads to paralysis is rare in the U.S. as a result of our vaccinations. Which disorder is almost eradicated in the United States? -ANSWER Poliomyelitis Joe, 78 years old, has started having tremors and gait shuffling. His family is worried that he is developing: -ANSWER Parkinson's disease Planning, recalling information, and decision making are all functions of the: -ANSWER Cerebrum Trey has symptoms of severe headache, nausea and vomiting. At the doctor's office, Trey had a lumbar puncture. His doctor is concerned about which disorder? -ANSWER Meningitis Amy was in an automobile accident. Her spinal cord was severed and she sustained damage to her brain. The medical staff at the trauma center understands that this substance might leak into surrounding tissues. What is the substance? -ANSWER Cerebrospinal fluid Jo experienced hallucinations, seizures and temporary loss of consciousness. Her doctor diagnosed the condition following an EEG which showed uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons. With which disorder has Jo been diagnosed? -ANSWER Epilepsy