ATLS pretest questions correctly answered 2023

A 22 year old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood after initial IV fluid resuscitation, a closed tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left breath sounds - reexamine the chest A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures. In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by - complete spine x-ray series. The principle of balanced resuscitation is: - Permissive hypotension and early plasma infusion Question:4 In managing the head-injured patient, the most important initial step is to - secure airway A previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters. Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? - His systolic blood pressure will be decreased with a narrowed pulse pressure. The diagnosis of shock must include - poor organ perfusion Question:9 A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh. Immediate management of the wound should consist of - direct pressure For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent - cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion. Question:11 A 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital with a general surgeon after being involved in a motor vehicle crash. Computed tomography shows an aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm Hg after CT. The next step is - exploratory laparotomy. 20-year-old woman, at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath, extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The most appropriate first step is to - perform needle decompression of the right chest. Which one of the following findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management during the primary survey? - resp of 40/mi Question:17 The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is - placement of an occlusive dressing over the wound. Question:18 The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration - History of neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product. Question:19 A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute. Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the cause of his hypotension? - Breath sounds. Question:20 Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant endotracheal intubation because - the trachea is relatively short. Question:21 A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, and 2 liters of crystalloid solution are infused through 2 large-caliber IVs. His blood pressure now is 60/0 mm Hg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500cc of blood has drained from the right chest. The most appropriate next step in managing this patient is to - urgently transfer the patient to the operating room. Question:22 A 39-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. He is cyanotic, has insufficient respiratory effort, and has a GCS Score of 6. His full beard makes it difficult to fit the oxygen facemask to his face. The most appropriate next step is to - attempt orotracheal intubation using 2 people and inline stabilization of the cervical spine. Question:23 A patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash. He is conscious and there is no obvious external trauma. He arrives at the hospital completely immobilized on a long spine board. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his heart rate is 70 beats per minute. His skin is warm. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? - Flaccidity of the lower extremities and loss of deep tendon reflexes are expected. Question:24 Which one of the following is the most effective method for initially treating frostbite? - Moist heat. Question:25 A 32-year-old man's right leg is trapped beneath his overturned car for nearly 2 hours before he is extricated. On arrival in the emergency department, his right