PN VATI Pharmacology Exam|Latest VATI PHARM TEST Complete 60 Questions & Answers,Already Graded A. 2023

A nurse is preparing to administer ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g via intermittent IV bolus. Available is ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL to infuse over 30 min. The nurse should set the IV infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) mL/hr MY ANSWER Follow these steps to calculate the infusion rate using the Ratio and Proportion method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL/hr Step 2: What is the volume the nurse should infuse? 100 mL Step 3: What is the total infusion time? 30 min Step 4: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? Yes (min does not equal hr) 60 min 30 min = 1 hr X X hr = 0.5 hr Step 5: Set up an equation and solve for X. Volume (mL) X mL/hr = Time (hr) X mL/hr = 100 mL X mL/hr = 200 mL/hr Step 6: Round if 0.5 hr necessary. Step 7: Determine whether the amount to administer makes sense. If the prescription reads ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL to infuse over 30 min, it makes sense to administer 200 mL/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL at 200 mL/hr. Follow these steps to calculate the infusion rate using the Desired Over Have method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? mL/hr Step 2: What is the volume the nurse should infuse? 100 mL Step 3: What is the total infusion time? 30 min Step 4: Should the nurse convert the units of measurement? Yes (min does not equal hr) 30 min × 1 hr X hr = 60 min X hr = 0.5 hr Step 5: Set up an equation and solve for X. Volume (mL) X 100 mL mL/hr = Time (hr) Step 6: Round if X mL/hr = 0.5 hr X mL/hr = 200 mL/hr necessary. Step 7: Determine whether the amount to administer makes sense. If the prescription reads ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL to infuse over 30 min, it makes sense to administer 200 mL/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL at 200 mL/hr. Follow these steps to calculate the infusion rate using the Dimensional Analysis method of calculation: Step 1: What is the unit of measurement the nurse should calculate? (Place the unit of measure being calculated on the left side of the equation.) X mL/hr = Step 2: Determine the ratio that contains the same unit as the unit being calculated. (Place the ratio on the right side of the equation, ensuring that the unit in the numerator matches the unit being calculated.) 100 mL X mL/hr = 30 min Step 3: Place any remaining ratios that are relevant to the item on the right side of the equation along with any needed conversion factors to cancel out unwanted units of measurements. 100 mL 60 min X mL/hr = × 30 min 1 hr Step 5: Round if necessary. Step 4: Solve for X. X mL/hr = 200 mL/hr Step 6: Determine whether the amount to administer makes sense. If the prescription reads ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL to infuse over 30 min, it makes sense to administer 200 mL/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g in 0.9% sodium chloride 100 mL at 200 mL/hr. Question: 59 of 60 CORRECT FLAG • Time Remaining: 00:12:51 • Pause Remaining: 00:05:00 PAUSE A nurse is caring for a client who is postmenopausal and has a prescription for raloxifene. The nurse should instruct the client that raloxifene is prescribed for which of the following reasons? To treat irritable bowel syndrome Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. In clients who are postmenopausal, it can reduce the risk for and treat osteoporosis and protect against breast cancer. To reduce the risk for breast cancer MY ANSWER Raloxifene can lower the risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal clients who have a high risk for developing estrogen-receptive types of breast cancer. The medication also reduces the risk for and can treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. To reduce the occurrence of hot flashes Hot flashes are an adverse effect of raloxifene. Raloxifene reduces the occurrence of fractures related to osteoporosis and reduces the cholesterol level in clients who are postmenopausal. To lower the risk of pulmonary embolism Raloxifene can cause several significant cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects, such as thromboembolism, stroke, peripheral edema, pneumonia, and the development of pulmonary emboli. Clients should not take this medication prior to periods of prolonged immobilization, such as surgery. A history of thromboembolic events is a contraindication for taking this medication. Question: 58 of 60 CORRECT FLAG • Time Remaining: 00:12:45 • Pause Remaining: 00:05:00 PAUSE A nurse is preparing to administer topotecan IV for a client who has metastatic ovarian cancer. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to control the adverse effects of topotecan? Insulin lispro via subcutaneous injection Topotecan is a chemotherapy agent that prevents DNA replication. Topotecan causes several hematologic effects, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia; however, topotecan does not cause effects that require the administration of insulin, such as hyperglycemia. Granisetron via transdermal patch MY ANSWER Granisetron is an antiemetic medication that helps prevent nausea and vomiting for clients who are receiving chemotherapy medications such as topotecan. The client should apply the transdermal patch to the upper outer arm up to 48 hr prior to receiving topotecan and continue to wear the patch until 24 hr after the completion of chemotherapy to prevent chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting. Magnesium sulfate via intermittent IV bolus Topotecan is a chemotherapy agent that prevents DNA replication. Topotecan has several CNS adverse effects, such as headache and fatigue; however, topotecan does not cause effects that require the administration of magnesium sulfate, such as hypertension and hypomagnesemia. Prednisone via oral administration Topotecan is a chemotherapy agent that prevents DNA replication. Although some chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel, require pretreatment with a corticosteroid, pretreatment is not necessary for a client who has a prescription for topotecan. Question: 57 of 60 CORRECT FLAG • Time Remaining: 00:12:39 • Pause Remaining: 00:05:00 PAUSE A nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent who has a prescription for cromolyn for the management of asthma. Which of the following statements by the adolescent indicates an understanding of the teaching?